Space stations Space stations A Bernal sphere is a type of space habitat intended as a long-term home for permanent residents, first proposed in 1929 by Dr. John Desmond Bernal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bernal sphere"
Bigelow Aerospace is a Las Vegas, Nevada space technology start-up company that is pioneering work on expandable space station modules. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bigelow Aerospace"
Herman Potočnik ( pseudonym Hermann Noordung) ( December 22, 1892 - August 27, 1929) was a Slovene rocket engineer and pioneer of cosmonautics ( astronautics). He is chiefly remembered for his work addressing the long-term habitation of space. ...more on Wikipedia about "Herman Potočnik"
The International Space Station (ISS) is a joint project of five space agencies: ...more on Wikipedia about "International Space Station"
International Space Station is a semi-realistic rendering of the actual International Space Station featured in standard distribution of Orbiter space flight simulator (a closed source, freeware simulator by Martin Schweiger). ...more on Wikipedia about "International Space Station (Orbiter sim)"
The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) was part of the United States Air Force's manned spaceflight program, a successor to the cancelled X-20 Dyna-Soar project. It was announced to the public on the same day that the Dyna-Soar program was cancelled, December 10, 1963. Also codenamed Dorian and given the designation KH-10, the MOL was intended to be a space station used for reconnaissance purposes. It was derived from NASA's Gemini program. The project was cancelled on June 10, 1969 before there were any operational flights. MOL was later superseded by the KH-9 reconnaissance satellite. The contractor for the MOL was the Douglas Aircraft Company. ...more on Wikipedia about "Manned Orbiting Laboratory"
Mir (Мир, which can mean both world and peace in Russian) was a highly successful Soviet (and later Russian) space station. It was humanity's first consistently inhabited long-term research station in space. Through a number of collaborations, it was made internationally accessible to cosmonauts and astronauts of many different countries. Mir was assembled in orbit by successively connecting several modules, each launched separately from February 19, 1986 to 1996. The station existed until March 23, 2001, at which point it was deliberately de-orbited and broke apart during atmospheric re-entry. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mir" http://www.shortopedia.com Dreamteam. shortopedia
The O'Neill cylinder is a space habitat design proposed by Gerard K. O'Neill in his book The High Frontier. O'Neill was a physicist at Princeton. In 1969 he taught undergraduate physics. Dr. O'Neill decided to teach by having students design large structures in space. To the surprise of everyone, several designs appeared that used ordinary materials (steel and glass), and could provide large areas suitable for human habitation. This cooperative result was first published by O'Neill in a 1974 article in Physics Today. ...more on Wikipedia about "O'Neill cylinder"
Project 921-2 is the working name given by the People's Republic of China in 1992 for plans to create a manned space station. ...more on Wikipedia about "Project 921-2"
Salyut 1 (DOS 1) was the first Salyut space station, and the first human-made space station of any kind. It was launched April 19, 1971. Its first crew launched in Soyuz 10 but was unable to board it due to a failure in the docking mechanism; its second crew launched in Soyuz 11 and remained on board for 23 productive days. Unfortunately, a pressure-equalization valve in the Soyuz 11 reentry capsule opened prematurely when the crew returned to Earth, killing all three. Salyut 1 reentered Earth's atmosphere October 11, 1971. ...more on Wikipedia about "Salyut 1"
Salyut 2 was launched April 4, 1973. It was not really a part of the same program as the other Salyut space stations, instead being the highly classified prototype military space station Almaz. It was given the designation Salyut 2 to conceal its true nature. Despite its successful launch, within two days the as-yet-unmanned Salyut 2 began losing pressure and its flight control failed; the cause of the failure was likely due to shrapnel piercing the station when the discarded Proton rocket upper stage that had placed it in orbit later exploded nearby. On April 11 the station lost four solar panels and all onboard power. Salyut 2 reentered on May 28, 1973. ...more on Wikipedia about "Salyut 2"
Salyut 3 was launched on June 25, 1974. It was another Almaz military space station, this one launched successfully, included in the Salyut program to disguise its true purpose. ...more on Wikipedia about "Salyut 3"
Salyut 4 (DOS 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51.6 degrees. It was essentially a copy of the DOS 3, and unlike its ill-fated sibling it was a complete success. Three crews attempted to make stays aboard Salyut 4 ( Soyuz 17 and Soyuz 18 docked; Soyuz 18a suffered a launch abort). The second stay was for 63 days duration, and an unmanned Soyuz capsule remained docked to the station for three months, proving the systems' long-term durability. Salyut 4 was deorbited February 3, 1977. ...more on Wikipedia about "Salyut 4"
Salyut 5 was launched on June 22, 1976 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Proton 8K82K rocket. It was the third and last Almaz military space station, included in the Salyut program to conceal its true purpose. Its launch and subsequent mission were both completed successfully. The Soyuz 21 cosmonauts worked in the station from July 7 - August 24, 1976. Soyuz 23 attempted to dock on October 15, but was unable to enter the station. The Soyuz 24 crew worked in the station from February 8 - 25, 1977. ...more on Wikipedia about "Salyut 5"
Salyut 6 was a Soviet space station launched on September 29, 1977. Although it resembled the previous Salyut space stations in overall design, it featured several revolutionary advances including a second docking port where an unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft could dock and refuel the station. With Salyut 6, the Soviet space station program evolved from short-duration to long-duration stays. ...more on Wikipedia about "Salyut 6"
Salyut 7 (Салют-7) was launched on April 19, 1982, the last of the Salyut space station program. It was the back-up vehicle for Salyut 6 and very similar in equipment and capabilities. With delays to the Mir programme it was decided to launch the back-up vehicle as Salyut 7. In orbit the station suffered a number of technical failures though it benefited from the improved payload capacity of the visiting Progress and Soyuz craft and the experience of its crews who improvised many solutions. In September 1983 a fuel line ruptured requiring EVAs by the Soyuz T-10 to repair. It was aloft for four years and two months, during which time it was visited by 10 crews constituting 6 main expeditions and 4 secondary flights (including French and Indian cosmonauts). Also saw two flights of Svetlana Savitskaya making her the second woman in space since 1963 and the first to perform an EVA. Aside from the many experiments and observations made on Salyut 7, the station also tested the docking and use of large modules with an orbiting space station. The modules were called "Heavy Cosmos modules" though in reality were components intended for the cancelled Almaz military space station. They helped engineers develop technology necessary to build Mir. Salyut 7 deorbited on February 7, 1991. ...more on Wikipedia about "Salyut 7"
:Skylab is also the name of a research station at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica. ...more on Wikipedia about "Skylab"
A space habitat, also called space colony or orbital colony, is a space station intended as a permanent settlement rather than as a simple waystation or other specialized facility. It would be a "city" in space, where people would live, work and raise families. No space habitats have yet been constructed, but many design proposals have been made with varying degrees of realism by both science fiction authors and engineers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Space habitat"
A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space. A space station is distinguished from other manned spacecraft by its lack of major propulsion or landing facilities — instead, other vehicles are used as transport to and from the station. Space stations are designed for medium-term living in orbit, for periods of weeks, months, or even years. ...more on Wikipedia about "Space station"
Space Station Freedom was the name given to NASA's project to construct a permanently-manned earth-orbiting space station. Although approved by then-president Ronald Reagan and announced in the 1984 State of the Union Address, Freedom was never constructed or completed as originally designed, and was eventually scaled-back and converted into the International Space Station currently in operation today. ...more on Wikipedia about "Space Station Freedom"
The Stanford torus is a proposed design for a space habitat capable of housing approximately 10,000 permanent residents. It consists of a torus or donut-shaped ring that is one mile in diameter and rotates once per minute to provide Earth-normal gravity on the inside of the outer ring via centrifugal force. ...more on Wikipedia about "Stanford torus"
Transhab was a concept pursued by NASA to develop the technology for inflatable habitats in space. Although the project has been shut down, Bigelow Aerospace has purchased the rights to the patents devloped by NASA and is pursuing a similar scheme for orbital hotels. The company's Genesis Pathfinder module, a one-third scale version of a larger space habitat, is scheduled to launch in Q1 2008 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. ...more on Wikipedia about "Transhab"
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