Structural engineering Structural engineering Aluminium or aluminum (see the spelling section below) is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery and ductile member of the poor metal group of chemical elements. Aluminium is found primarily as the ore bauxite and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation (due to the phenomenon of passivation) and its light weight. Aluminium is used in many industries to make millions of different products and is very important to the world economy. Structural components made from aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and very important in other areas of transportation and building in which light weight, durability, and strength are needed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aluminium"
A beam is a structural element that carries load primarily in bending (flexure). Beams generally carry vertical gravitational forces but can also be used to carry horizontal loads (i.e. loads due to a gust of wind or an earthquake). The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns, walls or girders, which in turn transfer the force to adjacent structural members. ...more on Wikipedia about "Beam (structure)"
In engineering mechanics, bending (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a structural element subjected to a lateral load. A structural element subjected to bending is known as a beam. A closet rod sagging under the weight of clothes on clothes hangers is an example of a beam experiencing bending. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bending"
In structural engineering, a braced wall line or shear wall is a wall composed of braced panels (also known as shear panels) to counter the effects of lateral loads acting on a structure. Wind and earthquake loads are the most common loads braced wall lines are designed to counteract. Under several building codes including the International Building Code and Uniform Building Code, all exterior wall lines in wood or steel frame construction must be braced. Depending on the size of the building some interior walls must be braced as well. ...more on Wikipedia about "Braced wall line"
BS 5950 is the British Standard for the design, fabrication and erection of structural steelwork. BS 5950 replaced BS 449, which used a permissible stress approach, and uses limit state design methods. It is written for use in the UK but can be used worldwide. It is expected that the code will eventually be superseded by BS EN 1993 when Eurocodes are more widely adopted. ...more on Wikipedia about "BS 5950"
BS 8110 is a British Standard for the structural use of concrete. ...more on Wikipedia about "BS 8110"
In engineering, buckling is a failure mode of a structural member characterised by a failure to react to the bending moment generated by a compressive load. ...more on Wikipedia about "Buckling" http://www.shortopedia.com - Xtending Info. shortopedia
A column in architecture and structural engineering is part of a structure whose purpose is to transmit through compression the weight of the structure. Other compression members are often termed columns because of the similar stress conditions. Columns can be either compounded of parts or made as a single piece. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. ...more on Wikipedia about "Column"
Compressive stress is the stress applied to materials resulting in their compaction (decrease of volume). When a material is subjected to compressive stress then this material is under compression. Usually compressive stress applied to bars, columns, etc. leads to shortening. ...more on Wikipedia about "Compressive stress"
In construction, concrete is a composite building material made from the combination of aggregate and cement binder. ...more on Wikipedia about "Concrete"
In engineering mechanics, deformation is a change in shape due to an applied force. This can be a result of tensile (pulling) forces, compressive (pushing) forces, shear, bending or torsion (twisting). ...more on Wikipedia about "Deformation"
As one of the methods of structural analysis, the Direct Stiffness Method (DSM), also known as the displacement method or matrix stiffness method, is particularly suited for computer-automated analysis of complex structures including the statically indeterminate type. The Direct Stiffness Method is the most common implementation of the Finite Element Method (FEM). In applying the method, the system must be modeled as a set of simpler, idealized elements interconnected at the nodes. The material stiffness properties of these elements are then, through matrix mathematics, compiled into a single matrix equation which governs the behaviour of the entire idealized structure. The structure’s unknown displacements and forces can then be determined by solving this equation. The Direct Stiffness Method forms the basis for most commercial and free source finite element software. ...more on Wikipedia about "Direct stiffness method"
Energy principles in structural mechanics express the relationships between stresses, strains or deformations, displacements, material properties, and external effects in the form of energy or work done by internal and external forces. Since energy is a scalar quantity, these relationships provide convenient and alternative means for formulating the governing equations of deformable bodies in solid mechanics. They can also be used for obtaining approximate solutions of fairly complex systems, bypassing the difficult task of solving the set of governing partial differential equations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Energy principles in structural mechanics"
The elementary Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is a simplfication of the linear isotropic theory of elasticity which allows quick calculation of the load-carrying capacity and deflection of common structural elements called beams. It was first enunciated circa 1750, but was not applied on a large scale until the development of the Eiffel Tower and the Ferris Wheel in the late 19th century. Following these successful demonstrations, it quickly became a cornerstone of engineering and an enabler of the Second Industrial Revolution. ...more on Wikipedia about "Euler-Bernoulli beam equation"
Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) is a composite material comprising a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres usually of glass, carbon, or aramid (and in the case of Duroplast even cotton or wool) and is commonly used in aerospace, automotive and marine industries. The term FRP is a more general description of materials like GRP. The polymer is usually an epoxy, vinylester or polyester thermosetting plastic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fibre-reinforced plastic"
Finite element method (FEM) is a powerful technique originally developed for numerical solution of complex problems in structural mechanics, and it remains the method of choice for complex systems. In the FEM, the structural system is modeled by a set of appropriate finite elements, which may have physical properties such as thickness, coefficient of thermal expansion, density, Young's modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio. Some common element types are listed below: ...more on Wikipedia about "Finite element method in structural mechanics"
In structural engineering, the flexibility method is the classical consistent deformation method for computing member forces and displacements in structural systems. Its modern version formulated in terms of the members' flexibility matrices also has the name the matrix force method due to its use of member forces as the primary unknowns. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flexibility method"
Formwork is the term given to either temporary or permanent moulds into which concrete is poured. ...more on Wikipedia about "Formwork"
A girder is a large iron or steel support beam used in construction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Girder"
Guastavino tile refers to the "Tile Arch System" patented in the US in 1885 by Catalan architect and builder Rafael Guastavino (1842–1908). It is a technique for constructing robust, self-supporting arches and architectural vaults using interlocking terracotta tiles and layers of mortar. His work is found in New York’s most beloved landmarks and in major buildings across the country. ...more on Wikipedia about "Guastavino tile"
Holddowns are the method by which routing protocols prevent unstable network conditions from causing unnecessary or premature route propagation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Holddown"
In physics, Hooke's law of elasticity is an approximation which states that if a spring is elongated by some distance, x, the restoring force exherted by the spring, F, is proportional to x by a constant factor, k. Basically, that the extension produced is proportional to the load. That is, ...more on Wikipedia about "Hooke's law"
The Hyatt Regency hotel walkway collapse was a major disaster that occurred on July 17, 1981 in Kansas City, Missouri. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hyatt Regency walkway collapse"
I-beams are beams with an I- or H-shaped cross-section. The Euler-Bernoulli beam equation shows that this is a very efficient form for carrying bending in the plane of the web. It is not as capable in the transverse direction, and it is a poor choice for carrying torsion. Hollow structural section beams are usually used to carry 3D loading. The I-beam has very little margin for plastic bending. ...more on Wikipedia about "I-beam"
Limit state design refers to a design methodology used in structural engineering. Most modern buildings are designed in accordance with a code which is based on limit state theory. For example, in the UK, Steel structures are designed in accordance with BS 5950, and reinforced concrete structures to BS 8110, both of which are codes based on limit state theory. Canada, Australia and New Zealand also utilise limit state theory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Limit state design" Stay cool with http://www.shortopedia.com.
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