Sumer Sumer Adab, modern day Bismaya, was a city in present day Iraq between Telloh and Nippur ...more on Wikipedia about "Adab"
Adapa was an ancient Sumerian king, and appears as the nation's first ruler on the Sumerian king list, though different versions call him Oanes and Alulim (Sumerian). His name means "man" in Akkadian, and is related to Adam. Adapa was the son of the god Enki (Ea), and was king of the ancient city of Eridug (Eridu). On top of his regnal duties he served as a priest and an exorcist, and upon his death, he took his place among the apkallu, the seven great sages. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adapa"
The Akkadian Empire usually refers to the Semitic speaking state that grew up around the city of Akkad north of Sumer, and reached its greatest extent under Sargon of Akkad. ...more on Wikipedia about "Akkadian Empire"
The Ama-gi is an ancient Sumerian cuneiform word meaning "freedom". It is believed to be the first instance of humans writing that concept down. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ama-gi"
Amorite ( Hebrew ’emōrî, Egyptian Amar, Akkadian Tidnum or Amurrūm (corresponding to Sumerian MAR.TU or Martu) refers to a Semitic people who occupied the country west of the Euphrates from the second half of the third millennium BC, and also the god they worshipped (see Amurru). ...more on Wikipedia about "Amorite"
Dudu was a king of Akkad who reigned for 21 years. He became king and ended the preriod of relative anarchy that had followed the death of Shar-kali-sharri during approximately the time of the 21st century BC. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dudu (king)"
Enmebaragesi (Me-Baragesi, En-Men-Barage-Si, Enmebaragisi), according to the Sumerian king list, was a king of Kish who subdued Elam and reigned 900 years, but was captured single handedly by Dumuzid "the fisherman" of Uruk, predecessor of Gilgamesh. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enmebaragesi"
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Enmerkar, according to the Sumerian king list, was the builder of Uruk, and was said to have reigned for "420 years". ...more on Wikipedia about "Enmerkar"
Eridu (or Eridug) was an ancient city seven miles southwest of Ur . Eridu was the southernmost of the conglomeration of cities that grew about temples, almost in sight of one another, in Sumer, southern Mesopotamia. It was most likely founded close to the Persian Gulf near the mouth of the Euphrates river, but with accumulation of silt at the shoreline over the millennia, the remains of the city are now some distance from the gulf at Abu Shahrain in Iraq. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eridu"
Etana was an ancient, legendary Sumerian king. He was the king of the city of Kish and was, according to legend, one of the kings who survived the deluge. ...more on Wikipedia about "Etana"
The Great Ziggurat was built as a place of worship, dedicated to the moon god Nanna (or Sin), in the Sumerian city of Ur in ancient Mesopotamia. The temple which resembles a huge stepped platform was constructed approximately in the 21st century BC by king Ur-Nammu. In Sumerian times it was called Etemennigur. Today, after more than 4000 years, the ziggurat is still well preserved in large parts as the only major remainder of Ur in present-day southern Iraq. ...more on Wikipedia about "Great Ziggurat of Ur"
The Gutian kings came to some power in Mesopotamia circa the 22nd century BC ( short chronology) by destabilising ...more on Wikipedia about "Gutian period"
At a later date, the high priests of Lagash made themselves kings, and a dynasty was founded there by Ur-Nina. In the ruins of a building, attached by him to the temple of Nina, terra cotta bas reliefs of the king and his sons have been found, as well as lions' heads in onyx, that remind one of Egyptian work and onyx plates. These were "booty" dedicated to the goddess Bau. One inscription states that ships of Dilmun (Bahrain) brought him wood as tribute from foreign lands. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of Sumer"
Ibbi-Sin, son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned circa 2028 BC- 2004 BC. During his reign, the Sumerian empire was attacked repeatedly by Amorites. As faith in Ibbi-Sin's leadership failed, Elam declared its independence and began to raid as well. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ibbi-Sin"
Isin was an city of lower Mesopotamia, which flourished during the 20th century BC. No kings of Isin are known from the Sumerian period, and the "Dynasty of Isin" refers to Amorite states in lower Mesopotamia that attained independence with the decline of the 3rd dynasty of Ur. The dynasty of Isin ends at ca. 1730 BC short chronology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Isin"
Kish [kish] (Tall al-Uhaymir) was an ancient city of Sumer, now in central Iraq. The Sumerian king list states it was the first city to have kings after the Deluge. A French archeological team under Henri de Genouillac excavated there between 1912 and 1914, and later an Anglo-American team under Stephen Langdon from 1923 to 1933. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kish (Sumer)"
Kug-Baba (or Kubaba) of Kish, called the "tavern-keeper" is the only female ruler mentioned in the Sumerian king list. Her reign belongs to the "Early Dynastic III" period of Sumer, and she is the only member of the "Third dynasty of Kish". Her reign is listed to have lasted for 100 years. If she is a historical ruler, she probably lived in the 23rd to 25th century BC. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kug-Baba"
Lagash or Sirpurla was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia. It is represented by a rather low, long line of ruin mounds, now known as Tell al-Hiba in Iraq, northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk. It is positioned on the dry bed of an ancient canal, some 3 miles (5 km) east of the Shatt-el-Haj, and a little less than 10 miles (16 km) north of the modern town of Shatra in the district administered from Nasiriyah. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lagash"
The Lament for Ur is a Sumerian lament composed after the fall of Ur to the Elamites and the end of the city's third dynasty (c. 2000 BCE). It contains one (possibly the first) of five known Mesopotamian " city laments"—dirges for ruined cities in the voice of the city's tutelary goddess—within its eleven kirugu (sections or stanzas). In this case it is Ningal who weeps for her city, after pleading with the god Enlil to call back his destructive storm. Interspersed with the goddess's wailing are other sections, possibly of different origin and composition; these describe the ghost town that Ur has become, recount the wrath of Enlil's storm, and invoke the protection of the god Nanna against future calamities. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lament for Ur"
Larag was an ancient Sumerian city also known as Larak. ...more on Wikipedia about "Larag"
Lugal-Zage-Si of Umma (reigned ca. 2259 BC– 2235 BC short chronology) was the last Sumerian king before the conquest of Sumer by Sargon of Akkad and the rise of the Akkadian Empire, and was considered as the only king of the third dynasty of Uruk. Lugal-Zage-Si himself also pursued an expansive policy, and he conquered Lagash. Lugal-Zage-Si began his career as King of Umma, from where he conquered several of the Sumerian city-states including Uruk, where he established his capital, and was arguably the first king to unite Sumer as a single kingdom. He overthrew king Urukagina of Lagash and created a unified Mesopotamian Empire, which he ruled over for 25 years. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lugal-Zage-Si"
Mesannepada (or Mesanepada, Mes-Anni-Padda) was the first king in the first dynasty of Ur, in ca. the 25th century BC. He is listed to have ruled for 80 years. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mesannepada"
In Akkadian ( Sumerian) mythology, Namtaru are demons personifying death, messengers of the underworld goddess Ereshkigal bringing death to mankind. To some the Namtaru were apparently the spirit of fate, and therefore of great importance. This being was regarded as the beloved sons of Bêl. Apparently they executed the instructions given him concerning the fate of men, and could also have power over certain of the gods. ...more on Wikipedia about "Namtaru"
Naram-Sin ( 2155 BC– 2119 BC short chronology). Under Naram-Sin (the third successor and grandson of Sargon), the Akkadian Empire reached its zenith. ...more on Wikipedia about "Naram-Sin"
Ninkasi is the ancient Sumerian matron goddess of beer. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ninkasi" My http://www.shortopedia.com and me.
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