Supercomputers Supercomputers The Advanced Scientific Computer, or ASC, was a supercomputer architecture designed by Texas Instruments (TI) between 1966 and 1973. Key to the ASC's design was a single high-speed shared memory, which was accessed by a number of processors and channel controllers, in a fashion similar to Seymore Cray's groundbreaking CDC 6600. One key difference was that the CPU was split in two, the operating system ran on the "peripheral processor", while applications were run on the dedicated, slave, ALU, which they referred to as "the" CPU. The ALU/CPU was one of the first to include vector processing instructions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Advanced Scientific Computer"
The Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (formerly called Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative, or ASCI) is a supercomputing initiative of the United States government, created to help the maintenance of the United States nuclear arsenal after the 1992 moratorium on nuclear testing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Advanced Simulation and Computing Program"
Altix is Silicon Graphics's line of servers and supercomputers. The line was first announced in Jauary 2003, with the Altix 3000 offering Intel Itanium 2 processor setups running Linux. The systems could originally support up to 64 processors. SGI announced 128-processor systems in February 2004. 256- and 512-processor system are expected by the end of 2004. ...more on Wikipedia about "Altix"
ASCI Blue Mountain is a supercomputer that is installed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The computer was a collaboration between Silicon Graphics Corporation and Los Alamos Lab. ...more on Wikipedia about "ASCI Blue Mountain"
ASCI Blue Pacific is a supercomputer that is installed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, CA. The computer was a collaboration between IBM Corporation and Lawerence Livermore Lab. ...more on Wikipedia about "ASCI Blue Pacific"
ASCI Purple is a supercomputer that will be installed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, CA. The computer is a collaboration between IBM Corporation and Lawrence Livermore Lab. It was installed in July 2005. The contract for this computer along with the Blue Gene/L supercomputer was worth US $290 million. ...more on Wikipedia about "ASCI Purple"
ASCI Red or ASCI Option Red, is a supercomputer installed at Sandia National Laboratories, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. ...more on Wikipedia about "ASCI Red"
The text you are reading is from www.shortopedia.com Supercomputers
Thor's Hammer is the first supercomputer using the Red Storm architecture. It is installed at Sandia National Laboratories, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The project is a collaboration between Cray Inc. and Sandia Labs. The machine was installed in 2004. ...more on Wikipedia about "ASCI Thor's Hammer"
ASCI White is a supercomputer at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. ...more on Wikipedia about "ASCI White"
BESM (БЭСМ) is the name of a series of Russian mainframe computers. It stands for "Большая Электронно-Счётная Машина" (Bolshaja Elektronno-Schetnaja Mashina) in Russian, which can be translated as "Large Electronic Computing Machine", or simply "Large Computer", or "High-speed Electronic Computing Machine" according to one source. ...more on Wikipedia about "BESM"
Blue Brain is a project to begin the construction of a simulated brain. The aim is not the creation of artificial intelligence, but rather the detailed study of the brain's structure. Started in May 2005, the project is a collaboration between IBM and Henry Markram's Brain and Mind Institute at the École Polytechnique in Lausanne, Switzerland. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blue Brain"
Blue Gene is a computer architecture project designed to produce several next-generation supercomputers, designed to reach operating speeds in the petaflops range, and currently reaching speeds over 280 teraflops (sustained). It is a cooperative project between the United States Department of Energy (which is partially funding the project), industry ( IBM in particular), and academia. There are five Blue Gene projects in development, among them Blue Gene/L, Blue Gene/C, and Blue Gene/P. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blue Gene"
The CDC 6600 was a mainframe computer from Control Data Corporation, first manufactured in 1964. It is generally considered to be the first successful supercomputer, outperforming the fastest machines of the era by about three times. It remained the world's fastest computer from 1964 to 1969, when it relinquished that status to its successor, the CDC 7600. ...more on Wikipedia about "CDC 6600"
The CDC 7600 was the Seymour Cray-designed successor to the CDC 6600, extending Control Data's dominance of the supercomputer field into the 1970s. It was generally about ten times as fast as the 6600, and could deliver about 10 MFLOPS on hand-compiled code. Although the 7600 shared many features of the 6600, both in hardware as well as instructions and its 60-bit word size, it was not object-code compatible to the CDC 6600. In addition, it was not entirely source-code ( COMPASS) compatible, as some instructions in the 7600 did not exist in the 6600, and vice-versa. ...more on Wikipedia about "CDC 7600" Go crack a shortopedia! Supercomputers
The CDC 8600 was the last of Seymour Cray's supercomputer designs while working for Control Data. ...more on Wikipedia about "CDC 8600"
The CDC Cyber range of mainframe/ super- computers were Control Data Corporation (CDC)'s primary products during the 1970's and 1980's. The Cyber line included four very different models of computer, 1: the 170 series based on the architecture of the CDC 6600 and CDC 7600, 2: the 180 series developed by a team in Canada, 3: the 200 series based on the CDC STAR-100, and 4: the CYBERPLUS or Advanced Flexible Processor (AFP). Primarily aimed at large office applications instead of the traditional supercomputer tasks, some of the Cyber machines nevertheless included basic vector instructions for added performance in "traditional" CDC roles. ...more on Wikipedia about "CDC Cyber"
The STAR-100 was a supercomputer from Control Data Corporation, one of the first machines to use a vector processor for improved math performance. Unfortunately a number of basic design features of the machine meant that its "real world" performance was much lower than expected when first used commercially in 1974, and was one of the primary reasons CDC was pushed from its former dominance in the supercomputer market when the Cray-1 was announced a few years later. ...more on Wikipedia about "CDC STAR-100"
Columbia is a supercomputer built by Silicon Graphics for NASA. ...more on Wikipedia about "Columbia (supercomputer)"
The Connection Machine was a series of supercomputers that grew out of Danny Hillis's research in the early 1980s at MIT on alternatives to the traditional von Neumann architecture of computation. The CM-1, originally conceived of at MIT, was a "massively parallel" hypercube arrangement of thousands of very simple processors, each with its own RAM, which together executed in a SIMD fashion. The Connection Machine was originally intended for applications in artificial intelligence and symbolic processing, but later found greater success in the field of computational science. ...more on Wikipedia about "Connection Machine"
Convex Computer was a company that produced a number of vector minisupercomputers, supercomputers for small-to-medium-sized businesses. Their later Exemplar series of parallel computing machines were based on the Hewlett-Packard PA-RISC CPU series, and in 1995, HP bought the company. Exemplar machines were offered for sale by HP for some time, and Exemplar technology was used in HP's V-Class machines. ...more on Wikipedia about "Convex Computer"
The Cray C90 series (initally named the Y-MP C90) was a vector processor supercomputer launched by Cray Research in 1991. The C90 was a development of the Cray Y-MP architecture. Compared to the Y-MP, the C90 processor had a dual vector pipeline and a faster (4.1 ns) clock speed, which together gave three times the performance of the Y-MP processor. The maximum number of processors in a system was also doubled from eight to 16. The C90 series used the same Model E IOS (Input/Output Subsystem) and UNICOS operating system as the earlier Y-MP Model E. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cray C90"
The T3D (Torus, 3-Dimensional) was Cray Research's first attempt at a massively parallel supercomputer architecture. Launched in 1993, it also marked Cray's first use of a non-proprietary microprocessor architecture in a supercomputer. The T3D consisted of between 32 and 2048 Processing Elements (PEs), each comprising a 150 MHz DEC Alpha 21064 (EV4) processor and either 16 or 64 MB of DRAM. PEs were grouped in pairs, or nodes, which incorporated a 6-way processor interconnect switch. These switches had a peak bandwidth of 300 MB/second in each direction and were connected to form a three-dimensional torus network topology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cray T3D"
The Cray T3E was Cray Research's second-generation massively parallel supercomputer architecture, launched in 1995. Like the previous Cray T3D It was a fully distributed memory machine using a 3D torus topology interconnection network. The T3E based around the DEC Alpha 21164 (EV5) microprocessor and was designed to scale from 8 to 2176 Processing Elements (PEs). Each PE had between 64 MB and 2 GB of DRAM and a 6-way interconnect router with a payload bandwidth of 480 MB/s in each direction. Unlike many other MPP systems, including the T3D, the T3E was fully self-hosted and ran the UNICOS/mk distributed operating system with a GigaRing I/O subsystem integrated into the torus for network, disk and tape I/O. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cray T3E"
The Cray X-MP was a supercomputer designed, built and sold by Cray Research. The company's first parallel vector processor machine and a fourth generation super, it was the 1982 successor to the 1976 Cray-1, and the world's fastest computer 1983–1985. The principal designer was Steve Chen. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cray X-MP"
The Cray XD1 entry-level supercomputer range, made by Cray Inc., uses AMD Opteron 64-bit CPUs, and utilizes the Direct Connect Architecture over HyperTransport to remove the bottleneck at the PCI and contention at the memory. The MPI latency is ¼ that of Infiniband, and 1/30 that of Gigabit Ethernet. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cray XD1"
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