Superhard materials Superhard materials Aggregated diamond nanorods, or ADNRs, are an allotrope of carbon believed to be the least compressible material known to humankind, as measured by its isothermal bulk modulus; aggregated diamond nanorods have a modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), while a conventional diamond has a modulus of 442 GPa. ADNRs are also 0.3% denser than regular diamond. The ADNR material is also harder than type IIa diamond and ultrahard fullerite. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aggregated diamond nanorods"
Beta carbon nitride (β-C3N4) is a theoretical material, derived from theories on crystalline structure. ...more on Wikipedia about "Beta carbon nitride"
Boron nitride is a binary chemical compound, consisting of equal proportions of boron and nitrogen, with formula BN. Structurally, it is isoelectronic to carbon and takes on similar physical forms: a hexagonal, graphite-like one, and a cubic, diamond-like one. Cubic boron nitride is one of the hardest materials known, behind only diamond and ultrahard fullerite. It is widely used for grinding and as a material for tools in industry. This is in part because it does not dissolve into iron, nickel, and related alloys at high temperatures like diamond does. Hexagonal boron nitride finds use as a high-temperature lubricant where the electrical conductivity or reactivity of graphite would be problematic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Boron nitride"
Chromium carbide ( Cr3 C2) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material. It is usually processed by sintering. It has the appearance of a gray powder with orthorhombic crystal structure. Its CAS number is . ...more on Wikipedia about "Chromium carbide"
Corundum is the crystalline form of aluminium oxide and one of the rock-forming minerals. Corundum is naturally clear, but can have different colors when impurities are added. Transparent specimens are used as gems, called ruby if red, while all other colors are called sapphire. The word corundum comes from the Tamil kurundam. ...more on Wikipedia about "Corundum"
Fullerites, or Polymerized Single Walled NanoTubules (P-SWNT) are very hard like diamond, but because the nanotubules intertwine they don't have the corresponding crystal lattice that makes it possible to cut diamonds neatly. This means impact is spread out throughout the material making it less brittle. Nanotubules are still very expensive to produce and so uses for a material lighter and stronger than steel will have to wait until nanotubule production becomes more economical. See also ultrahard fullerite. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fullerite"
This article addresses the material properties of diamond. For a broader discussion of diamonds, see diamond. For other uses of the word diamond, see diamond (disambiguation). ...more on Wikipedia about "Material properties of diamond"
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Moissanite is a trade name given to silicon carbide (chemical formula Si C) for use in the gem business. As a gemstone, silicon carbide is similar to diamond in several important ways: it is transparent and extremely hard (9 1/4 on the Mohs scale, compared to 10 for diamond), with an index of refraction between 2.65 and 2.69 (compared to 2.42 for diamond). SiC has a hexagonal crystalline structure. ...more on Wikipedia about "Moissanite"
Niobium carbide ( Nb C and Nb2C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering and is a frequent additive in cemented carbides. It has the appearance of a brown-gray metallic powder with purple lustre. It is highly corrosion resistant. ...more on Wikipedia about "Niobium carbide"
Osmium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Os and atomic number 76. A hard brittle blue-gray or blue-black transition metal in the platinum family, osmium is the densest natural element and is used in some alloys with platinum and iridium. The extraordinary density of osmium is a consequence of the lanthanide contraction. Osmium is found native as an alloy in platinum ore and its tetroxide has been used to stain tissues and in fingerprinting. Alloys of osmium are employed in fountain pen tips, electrical contacts and in other applications where extreme durability and hardness are needed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Osmium"
Silicon carbide ( ), also known as moissanite, is a ceramic compound of silicon and carbon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Silicon carbide"
Superhard materials are materials as hard as or harder than diamonds. For many decades, engineers, scientists, and corporations have sought these materials in order to machine equipment along with create new material that is more attainable with similar physical properties in order to create parts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Superhard materials"
Tantalum carbide ( Ta C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering. It has the appearance of a brown heavy powder. It is sometimes used as a fine-crystalline additive to tungsten carbide alloys. It is an important cermet material. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tantalum carbide"
Titanium carbide, Ti C, is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, similar to tungsten carbide. It is commercially used in tool bits cutting tools. It has the appearance of off-white powder with cubic crystal structure. It is mainly used in preparation of cermets. ...more on Wikipedia about "Titanium carbide"
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Titanium nitride ( ) is an extremely hard (~85 Rockwell C Hardness or ~2500 Vickers Hardness)1, ceramic material, often used as a coating on titanium alloy, steel, carbide, and aluminum components to improve the substrate's surface properties. ...more on Wikipedia about "Titanium nitride"
Tungsten carbide, WC or W2C, is a chemical compound containing tungsten and carbon, similar to titanium carbide. Its extreme hardness makes it useful in the manufacture of cutting tools, abrasives and bearings, as a cheaper alternative to diamond. Tungsten carbide is also used in wedding rings ** . ...more on Wikipedia about "Tungsten carbide"
Ultrahard fullerite (C60) is a form of carbon found to be harder than diamond, and which can be used to create even harder materials, such as aggregated diamond nanorods. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ultrahard fullerite"
Vanadium carbide, V C, is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material. It is commercially used in tool bits cutting tools. It has the appearance of gray metallic powder with cubic crystal structure. ...more on Wikipedia about "Vanadium carbide"
Zirconium carbide ( Zr C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering. It has the appearance of a gray metallic powder with cubic crystal structure. It is highly corrosion resistant. ...more on Wikipedia about "Zirconium carbide"
Zirconium nitride, ZrN, is a nitride of zirconium. ...more on Wikipedia about "Zirconium nitride"
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