Taxation Taxation The effective rate of protection is a statistic used by economists to measure the real protection yielded by import duties or tariffs. This equals d/int) - , where: ...more on Wikipedia about "Effective rate of protection"
An excess profits tax is a tax on any profit above a certain amount. It is mostly a wartime phenomenon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Excess profits tax"
The term excise has more than one legal meaning. In the United States, the term has a constitutional law meaning and at least one statutory law meaning. ...more on Wikipedia about "Excise"
The Ferme Générale was, in ancien régime France, essentially a franchised customs and excise operation which collected duties on behalf of the king, through 6-years adjudications. The major tax collectors in that system were known as the fermiers généraux (farmers-general in English). ...more on Wikipedia about "Ferme Générale"
There are two significant features in any fiscal adjustment: the duration of the process, usually measured in years, that defines the intensity of the effort; and the composition of the adjustment, measured as the proportion of the adjustment obtained from expenditure cuts compared to the proportion gained from tax increases. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fiscal adjustment"
Fiscal drag refers to the increase in tax revenue caused when the threshold of a tax is not increased in line with inflation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fiscal drag"
Fiscal neutrality is a term referring to the impact of taxation on the economy. When it is said that fiscal neutrality is desirable, the meaning is that the tax measure or policy should not introduce undesirable distortions into the normal working of the economy by significantly altering economic incentives and changing behavior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fiscal neutrality"
A fiscal year or financial year is a 12- month period used for calculating annual ("yearly") financial reports in businesses and other organizations. In many jurisdictions, regulatory laws regarding accounting require such reports once per twelve months, but do not require that the twelve months constitute a calendar year (i.e. January to December). ...more on Wikipedia about "Fiscal year"
A flat tax, also called a proportional tax, is a system that taxes all entities in a class (typically either citizens or corporations) at the same rate (as a proportion of income), as opposed to a graduated, or progressive, scheme. The term flat tax is most often discussed in the context of income taxes. The flat tax is not used in many developed countries on a national level, standing in contrast to the more widely used progressive income tax, in which citizens and corporations with higher incomes pay tax at a higher rate than those with lower income. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flat tax"
Flatulence Tax was the name of a tax proposed in New Zealand to assist with compliance with the Kyoto Protocol. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flatulence tax"
The flypaper theory of tax incidence is a pejorative term used by economists to describe the assumption that the burden of a tax, like a fly with flypaper, sticks wherever it first lands. Economists point out several flaws with the assumption: ...more on Wikipedia about "Flypaper theory (economics)"
A franking credit is a nominal unit of tax paid by companies paying tax in countries that have a dividend imputation system. Franking credits are passed on to shareholders along with dividends. Shareholders include in their assessable income not the dividends received but the grossed-up amount back-calculated from that dividend and the current tax rate, then have their income tax payable calculated thereupon, then use franking credits to offset tax payable at the rate of a dollar per credit. In Australia and New Zealand the end result is the elimination of double taxation upon company profits. ...more on Wikipedia about "Franking credit"
A fuel tax (also known as a petrol tax, gasoline tax, gas tax or fuel duty) is a sales tax imposed on the sale of fuel. In the United States, the funds are dedicated or hypothecated to transportation, or even roads, so that the fuel tax is considered by many a user fee. In other countries, the fuel tax is a source of general revenue. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fuel tax"
The gabelle was a very unpopular tax on salt in France before 1790. The term gabelle derives from the Latin term gabulum (a tax). ...more on Wikipedia about "Gabelle"
Georgism, named after Henry George ( 1839- 1897), is a philosophy and economic ideology that follows from the belief that everyone owns what they create, but everything supplied by nature, most importantly land, belongs equally to all humanity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Georgism"
A gift tax is a transfer tax imposed on the value of certain gifts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gift tax"
Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a Value Added Tax introduced in New Zealand on October 1, 1986 at 10%, but later increased to 12.5% on June 30, 1989. ...more on Wikipedia about "Goods and Services Tax (New Zealand)"
Homestead exemption is a legal regime designed to protect the value of the homes of residents from property taxes, creditors, and circumstances arising from the death of the homeowner spouse. Laws enacting such protections are found in state statutes or constitutional provisions which exist in many states in the United States. ...more on Wikipedia about "Homestead exemption"
An import duty is a tariff paid at a border or port of entry to the relevant government to allow a good to pass into that government's territory. In medieval and ancient times, such tariffs were even collected by local governments. Now this is very rare. Typically they are collected by national governments or, in a customs union, by the regional authority. ...more on Wikipedia about "Import duty"
An import tariff is a schedule of duties imposed by a country on imported goods. The tariff can be levied on a percentage of the value of the import, or the amount of the import (amount per unit of import). Tariffs are traditionally designed to raise revenue for the government, however they can also be for; ...more on Wikipedia about "Import tariff"
Impuesto al Valor Agregado (IVA, "value-added tax" in Spanish) is a tax applied in Mexico and other countries of Latin America and Spain. In Chile it is called Impuesto a las Ventas y Servicios and in Spain Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido. ...more on Wikipedia about "Impuesto al Valor Agregado"
An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income of persons or corporations. Various income tax systems exist, ranging from a flat tax to a progressive tax system. A tax levied on the income of companies is often called a corporate tax, corporate income tax or corporation tax. Individual income taxes generally tax the total income of the individual (with some deductions permitted), while corporate income taxes often tax net income, the difference between gross receipts and expenses. ...more on Wikipedia about "Income tax"
Income tax in Australia taxes three sources of income: personal earnings, business income, and property gains. Personal earnings are taxed progressively, business income at a flat rate of 30% (but with generous exemptions), and property gains are taxed only if realized. ...more on Wikipedia about "Income tax in Australia"
Individual income tax in Singapore forms part of two main sources of Income tax, the other being corporate taxes on companies. Payable on an annual bases, it is currently based on the progressive tax system (for local residents), with taxes ranging from 0% to 22% up to Year of Assessment 2005. The Year of Assessment (YA) is based on the calendar year commencing 1 January to 31 December, and is payable on a preceding year basis, whereby taxes payable per year of assessment is based on income earned in the preceeding calendar year. ...more on Wikipedia about "Individual income tax in Singapore"
Inheritance tax, also known in some countries outside the United States as a death duty and referred to as an estate tax within the U.S, is a form of tax imposed upon the transfer of the property of the estate of a deceased person that is left to a living person or organisation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Inheritance tax" www.shortopedia.com - Go in quickly. Taxation
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