TCP/IP

Slow-start is part of the congestion control strategy used by TCP, the data transmission protocol used by many Internet applications, such as HTTP and Secure Shell. Slow-start is used in conjunction with other algorithms to avoid sending more data than the network is capable of transmitting, that is, network congestion. ...more on Wikipedia about "Slow-start"

SYN (synchronize) is a type of packet used by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) when initiating a new connection to synchronize the sequence numbers on two connecting computers. The SYN is acknowledged by a SYN/ ACK by the responding computer. ...more on Wikipedia about "SYN (TCP)"

SYN cookies are particular choices of TCP initial sequence numbers (ISNs) by TCP servers. SYN cookies are used to defend against a type of denial of service attack known as SYN flooding. Special calculations are used to create initial sequence number so that the difference between the server's ISN and the client's ISN is: ...more on Wikipedia about "SYN cookies"

IANA is responsible for assigning TCP and UDP port numbers to specific uses. The well-known ports are those in the range 0-1023. On Unix-derived operating systems, opening a port in this range to receive incoming connections requires root privileges. Registered port numbers are those in the range 1024-49151. Port numbers in the range 49152-65535 are private or dynamic ports, not used by any defined application. ...more on Wikipedia about "TCP and UDP port numbers"

The TCP uses various variations of an additive-increase-multiplicative-decrease (AIMD) scheme, with other schemes such as slow-start in order to achieve congestion avoidance. ...more on Wikipedia about "TCP congestion avoidance algorithm"

TCP Offload Engine or TOE is a technology for the acceleration of TCP/IP, specifically by moving TCP/IP processing to a separate dedicated sub-system from the main host CPU, the overall system TCP/IP performance is improved. Originally TCP was designed for unreliable low speed networks (such as early dial-up modems) but with the growth of the internet in terms of internet backbone transmission speeds ( OC-48, OC-192, GigE and 10GigE links) and faster and more reliable access mechanisms (such as Digital Subscriber Line and Cable Modem) it is now used commonly in datacenter and desktop PC environments at speeds of up to 1 Gigabit per second. The TCP software implementations on host systems require extensive computing power. Gigabit TCP communication using software processing alone is enough to fully load a 2.4 GHz Pentium processor, which results in little or no processing resources left for the applications to run on the system. ...more on Wikipedia about "TCP Offload Engine"

TCP tuning techniques adjust some parameters of TCP connection over high-bandwidth high-latency networks. ...more on Wikipedia about "TCP tuning" Go crack a shortopedia!

TCP Vegas is a TCP congestion control, or network congestion avoidance, algorithm that emphasizes packet delay, rather than packet loss, as a signal to help determine the rate at which to send packets. It was developed at the University of Arizona by Lawrence Brakmo and Larry Peterson. ...more on Wikipedia about "TCP Vegas"

TCP Westwood (TCPW), is a sender-side-only modification to TCP NewReno that is intended to better handle large bandwidth-delay product paths (large pipes), with potential packet loss due to transmission or other errors (leaky pipes), and with dynamic load (dynamic pipes). ...more on Wikipedia about "TCP Westwood"

TCP Westwood+ is a sender-side only modification of the TCP Reno protocol stack that optimizes the performance of TCP congestion control over both wireline and wireless networks. TCP Westwood+ is based on end-to-end bandwidth estimation to set congestion window and slow start threshold after a congestion episode, that is, after three duplicate acknowledgments or a timeout. The bandwidth is estimated by properly low-pass filtering the rate of returning acknowledgment packets. The rationale of this strategy is simple: in contrast with TCP Reno, which blindly halves the congestion window after three duplicate ACKs, TCP Westwood+ adaptively sets a slow start threshold and a congestion window which takes into account the bandwidth used at the time congestion is experienced. TCP Westwood+ significantly increases fairness compared to TCP Reno/ NewReno in wired networks and throughput over wireless links. ...more on Wikipedia about "TCP Westwood plus"

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. Using TCP, applications on networked hosts can create connections to one another, over which they can exchange data. The protocol guarantees reliable and in-order delivery of sender to receiver data. TCP also distinguishes data for multiple, concurrent applications (e.g. Web server and email server) running on the same host. ...more on Wikipedia about "Transmission Control Protocol"

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