Teeth Teeth Abrasion is the loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from a foreign element. If this force begins at the cementoenamel junction, then progression of tooth loss can be rapid since enamel is very thin in this region of the tooth. Once past the enamel, abrasion quickly destroys the softer dentin and cementum structures. ...more on Wikipedia about "Abrasion (dental)"
The alveolar process (processus alveolaris), also referred to as the alveolar bone, is the bone found in the jaws of a mouth containing the socket of teeth. On the maxilla, it is a ridge on the inferior surface, and on the mandible it is the ridge on the superior surface. It makes up the thickest part of the maxilla. The buccinator muscle attaches to the alveoar process. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alveolar process"
Ameloblastin, also known as amelin, is a gene-specific protein found in tooth enamel. Although less than 5% of enamel consists of protein, ameloblastins comprise 5%-10% of all enamel protein. This protein is formed by ameloblasts during the early secertory to late maturation stages of amelogenesis. Although not completely understood, the function of ameloblastins is believed to be in controlling the elongation of enamel crystals and generally directing enamel mineralization during tooth development. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ameloblastin"
Amelogenesis is the formation of enamel on teeth and occurs during the crown stage of tooth development after dentinogenesis, which is the formation of dentin. Since dentin must be present for enamel to be formed, this prerequisite is an example of the biologic concept, termed reciprocal induction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amelogenesis"
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a disorder of tooth development. This condition causes teeth to be unusually small, discolored, pitted or grooved, and prone to rapid wear and breakage. Other dental abnormalities are also possible, and the defects vary among affected individuals. These problems can affect both primary (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amelogenesis imperfecta"
Amelogenin is a gene-specific, low-molecular-weight protein found in tooth enamel, and it belongs to a family of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Although less than 5% of enamel consists of protein, amelogenins comprise 90% of all enamel protein. Although not completely understood, the function of amelogenins is believed to be in organizing enamel rods during tooth development. The latest research indicates that this protein regulates the initiation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals during the mineralization of enamel. In addition, amelogenins appear to aid in the development of cementum by directing cells that form cementum to the root surface of teeth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amelogenin"
In oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth, evolved (and used, in most species where they remain prominent) primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in the mouth. Most species that develop them normally have four per individual, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by its incisors; humans and dogs are examples. ...more on Wikipedia about "Canine tooth"
Carnassials are large teeth found in carnivorous mammals, designed for shearing flesh and bone in a scissor-like way. In the Carnivora, the carnassials are the last upper premolar and the first lower molar, but in the prehistoric creodonts, the carnassials were further back in the jaw - first upper and second lower or second upper and third lower molars. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carnassial"
The cementoenamel junction, frequently abbreviated as the CEJ, is an anatomical landmark identified on a tooth. It is the location where the enamel, which covers the crown of a tooth, and the cementum, which covers the root of a tooth, meet. The border created by these two dental tissues has much significance as it is usually the location where the gingiva attaches to a healthy tooth by fibers called the periodontal ligaments. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cementoenamel junction"
Cementogenesis is the formation of cementum, one of the three mineralized substances of a tooth. For cementogenesis to begin, Hertwig's epithelial root sheath must fragment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cementogenesis"
Cementum is a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth. In layers, the enamel being the top, the cementum would be the third to last. From top to bottom: enamel is first, dentin is next, then cementum , then root, then pulp. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root apex. Its coloration is yellowish and it is softer than either dentin or enamel. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cementum"
The cervical loop is the location on an enamel organ in a developing tooth where the outer enamel epithelium and the inner enamel epithelium join. The cervical loop is a histologic term indicating the location of Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath, which are epithelial cells that determine the shape of the roots of teeth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cervical loop"
Deciduous teeth, primary teeth, baby teeth or milk teeth are the first set of teeth formed in humans. There are 20 teeth, consisting of 4 maxillary and 4 mandibular molars, 2 maxillary and 2 mandibular canines, 4 maxillary and 4 mandibular incisors. It is important to note that there are no deciduous premolars. ...more on Wikipedia about "Deciduous teeth"
The dental lamina is a band of epithelial tissue seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. Best described as an ingrowth of ectomesenchyme tissue, the dental lamina is frequently distinguished from the vestibular lamina, which develops concurrently. When it is present, the dental lamina conects the developing tooth bud to the epithelium of the oral cavity. Eventually, the dental lamina disintigrates into small clusters of epithelium and is resorbed. In situations when the clusters are not resorbed, eruption cysts are formed over the developing tooth and delay its eruption into the oral cavity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dental lamina" There's a bit of shortopedia in all of us. Teeth
The dental papilla is a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called odontoblasts, seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ. The dental papilla gives rise to the dentin and pulp of a tooth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dental papilla"
The dental-enamel junction, abbreviated DEJ, is the boundary between the enamel and dentin materials that form a tooth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dental-enamel junction"
Dentin ( BE: dentine) is the substance between the enamel (substance in the crown) or cementum (substance in the root) of a tooth and the pulp chamber. Dentin is secreted by the odontoblasts of the dental pulp. The formation of dentin is known as dentinogenesis. The porous, yellow-hued material is made up of 70% inorganic materials, 20% organic materials, and 10% water. Because it is softer than enamel, it decays more rapidly and is subject to severe cavities if not properly treated. But it still acts as a protective layer and supports the crown of the tooth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dentin"
The enamel cord, also called enamel septum, is a localization of cells on an enamel organ that appear from the outer enamel epithelium to an enamel knot. The function of the enamel cord and the enamel knot is not known, but they are believed to play a role in the placement of the first cusp developed in a tooth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enamel cord"
The enamel knot is a localization of cells on an enamel organ that appear thickened in the center of the inner enamel epithelium. The enamel knot is frequently associated with an enamel cord. The function of the enamel cord and the enamel knot is not known, but they are believed to play a role in the placement of the first cusp developed in a tooth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enamel knot"
The enamel niche is a structure that appears in a histologic slide of a developing tooth from sectioning the slide in a single plane. The enamel organ looks to be connected to the oral epithelium by two or more strands of dental lamina. The enamel niche is the name of the mesenchymal cells which look to be surrounded by the strands of the dental lamina. In actuality, there is no mesenchyme completely surrounded by dental lamina. These cases are a result from the dental lamina being a curved structure while the slide contains tissue taken in one plane. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enamel niche"
The enamel organ, also known as dental organ, is a cellular aggregation seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies above a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called the dental papilla. Historically, enamel organ has been the term to describe this structure, but it was attempted unsuccesfully in recent years to change the name to dental organ in order to better represent its multiple functions apart from enamel formation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enamel organ"
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An Enamel rod is the basic unit of enamel. The antiquated term is enamel prism. Measuring 4 μm wide to 8 μm high, an enamel rod is a tightly packed, highly organized mass of hydroxyapatite crystals. In cross section, it is best compared to a keyhole with the top, or head, oriented toward the crown of the tooth and the bottom, or tail, oriented toward the root of the tooth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enamel rod"
Enamelin is a protein found in tooth enamel. Although less than 5% of enamel consists of protein, enamelins comprise 2% of all enamel protein. They are known as ameloproteases-I, which are enamel proteinases. Although not completely understood, the function of enamelins is believed to be in breaking down amelogenins during tooth development. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enamelin"
Erosion is the loss of tooth structure by chemical forces not involving bacteria. Usually, erosion is found initially in the enamel. Destruction can be pervasive once these erosive forces reach dentin. ...more on Wikipedia about "Erosion (dental)"
The Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (frequently abbreviated as "HERS") is a proliferation of epithelial cells located at the cervical loop of the enamel organ in a developing tooth. Hertwig's epithelial root sheath initates the formation of dentin in the root of a tooth by causing the differentiation of odontoblasts from the dental papilla. The root sheath eventually disintigrates, but residual pieces that do not completely disappear are seen as epithelial cell rests of Malassez. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hertwig's epithelial root sheath"
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