Tuning Tuning A440 is the 440 Hz tone that serves as the internationally recognized standard for musical pitch. A440 is the musical note A above middle C ( A4). Since 1939, it has served as the audio frequency reference for the calibration of pianos, violins, and other musical instruments. ...more on Wikipedia about "A440"
The archicembalo of Nicola Vicentino is a kind of harpsichord of ...more on Wikipedia about "Archicembalo"
In jazz and blues, blue notes are notes sung or played at a lower pitch than those of the major scale for expressive purposes. Typically the alteration is less than a semitone, but this varies among performers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blue note"
In music, an enharmonic is a note which is the equivalent of some other note, but spelled differently. For example, in twelve-tone equal temperament (the modern system of musical tuning in the west), the notes C sharp and D flat are enharmonically equivalent - that is, they are represented by the same key (on a musical keyboard, for example), and thus are identical in pitch, although they have different names and diatonic functionality. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enharmonic"
An enharmonic keyboard is a musical keyboard based on an enharmonic scale. At the very least such keyboard will have 17 keys per octave, and enharmonically equivalent notes will have different pitches. A typical keyboard will have one key for, for instance, C sharp and D flat, but a basic 17 key enharmonic keyboard will have two different keys for these notes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enharmonic keyboard"
Fokker periodicity blocks refer to a technique for constructing musical scales. It is named after Adriaan Daniël Fokker. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fokker periodicity blocks"
The fundamental tone often referred to simply as the fundamental, is the lowest frequency in a harmonic series. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fundamental frequency"
Pitched musical instruments are usually based on a harmonic oscillator such as a string or a column of air. Both can and do oscillate at numerous frequencies simultaneously. Because of the self-filtering nature of resonance, these frequencies are mostly limited to integer multiples of the lowest possible frequency, and such multiples form the harmonic series. ...more on Wikipedia about "Harmonic series (music)"
In music, inharmonicity is the degree to which the frequencies of the overtones of a fundamental differ from whole number multiples of the fundamental's frequency. These inharmonic overtones are often distinguished from harmonic overtones, all whole number multiples, by calling them partials, though partial may also be used to refer to both. Since the harmonics contribute to the sense of sounds as pitched or unpitched, the more inharmonic a sound the less definite it becomes in pitch. Many percussion instruments such as cymbals, tam-tams, and chimes, create complex and inharmonic sounds. Strings are less inharmonic the closer they are to their breaking points, and the amount of inharmonicity is thus an important consideration for piano tuners. ...more on Wikipedia about "Inharmonicity"
Just intonation tunings and scales can be described by giving an upper bound on the complexity of the harmonies admitted by the tuning or scale. This upper bound is called a limit. For example, the major and minor triads of common practice music fall within 5-limit just intonation. By extension it may be said that Common practice music is a 5-limit genre, because those major and minor triads are the most complex harmonies considered consonant in it. Jazz and other 20th-century genres go beyond the 5-limit, but the correspondence to just intonation is less clear because of the nature of 12-tone equal temperament. 7-limit tunings are properly found in barbershop singing, and a few other relatively isolated genres. ...more on Wikipedia about "Limit (music)"
A musical scale is a discrete set of pitches used in making or describing music. Typically a scale has an interval of repetition, which is normally the octave. This means that for any pitch in the scale, we have also an equivalent pitch an octave above and an octave below it. While the limits of human hearing are finite, matters are somewhat simplified if we ignore that fact, as is usually done in discussions of theory though of course never in practice. Because we are often interested in the relations or ratios between the pitches rather than the precise pitches themselves in describing a scale, it is usual to refer all the scale pitches in terms of their ratio from a particular pitch, which is given the value of one (often written 1/1 when discussing just intonation.) This note can be, but is not necessarily, a note which functions as the tonic of the scale. For comparison with the current standard tuning cents are often used. See also logarithmic scale. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mathematics of musical scales"
Microtonal music is music using microtones -- intervals of less than a semitone, or as Charles Ives put it, the "notes between the cracks" of the piano. The term is also used to refer to any music whose tuning is not based on semitones, such as western just intonation, Indonesian gamelan music and Indian classical music. An alternative term explicitly covering such possibilities is xenharmonic music. ...more on Wikipedia about "Microtonal music"
Mikha'il Mishaqah (1800-1889) was the first theorist to propose a division of the octave into twenty-four equal tones (24-tone equal temperament, quarter tone scale), this being the current basis of the Arab tone system. (Touma 1996, p.19) ...more on Wikipedia about "Mikha'il Mishaqah"
Musical tuning is the system used to define which tones, or pitches, to use when playing music. In other words, it is the choice of number and spacing of frequency values which are used. The tuning systems are usually defined in such a way that a listener perceives it as "natural". ...more on Wikipedia about "Musical tuning" It's my shortopedia!
A node is a spatial locus along a standing wave where the wave has minimal amplitude. This has implications in several fields. For instance, in a guitar string, the ends of the string are nodes. By changing the position of one of these nodes through fretwork, the guitarist changes the effective length of the vibrating string and thereby the note played. The opposite of a node is an anti-node. ...more on Wikipedia about "Node (physics)"
An overtone is a sinusoidal component of a waveform, of greater frequency than its fundamental frequency. Usually the first overtone is the second harmonic, the second overtone is the third harmonic, etc. ...more on Wikipedia about "Overtone"
This is a virtual piano with 88 keys tuned to A440, showing the frequencies, in cycles per second ( Hz), of each note (i.e. Note frequencies of each note found on a standard piano). This distribution of frequencies is known as equal temperament, i.e. each successive pitch is derived by multiplying the previous by the twelfth root of two. For other tuning schemes refer to Musical tuning. ...more on Wikipedia about "Piano key frequencies"
(Piano tuning) where the notes are numbered consecutively upwards from the lowest note of the scale, for which m=1. ...more on Wikipedia about "Piano tuning"
A pseudo-octave is an interval whose frequency ratio is not 2:1, the definition of an octave, but is treated in some way or ways equivalent to this ratio. One example being the stretched octave: 2.1:1, which sounds out of tune played with harmonic overtones, but sounds strange but in tune when played with tones whose overtones are stretched equivalently, while the 2:1 octave then sounds out of tune. The octaves of Balinese gamelans are never tuned 2:1, but instead are stretched or compressed in a consistent manner throughout the range of each individual gamelan. Another example is the tritave of the Bohlen-Pierce scale. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pseudo-octave"
Regular temperament is a system of musical tuning such that each frequency ratio is obtainable as a product of powers of a finite number of generators, or generating frequency ratios. The classic example of a regular temperament is meantone temperament, where the generating intervals are usually given in terms of a flat fifth and the octave. ...more on Wikipedia about "Regular temperament"
A scordatura (literally Italian for "mistuning") is an alternate tuning used for the open strings of a string instrument. It is an extended technique used to allow the playing of otherwise impossible melodies, harmonies, figures, chords, or other note combinations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Scordatura"
Stretched tuning is a detail of musical tuning, applied to wire-stringed musical instruments and older, non-digital electric pianos (such as the Fender Rhodes piano and Wurlitzer electric piano) to accommodate the natural inharmonicity of their vibrating elements. In stretched tuning, two notes an octave apart, whose fundamental frequencies theoretically have an exact 2:1 ratio, are tuned slightly farther apart. ...more on Wikipedia about "Stretched tuning"
In mathematics, Størmer's theorem in number theory states that the set of integers ...more on Wikipedia about "Størmer's theorem"
In music, tuning is the process of producing or preparing to produce a certain pitch in relation to another, usually at the unison but often at some other interval. When one is out of tune, too high or too low, one is sharp or flat, respectively. Usually tuning is done only for the fundamental of a pitch. Tuning at the unison obviously requires the ability to match pitch, and tuning at other intervals requires relative pitch. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tuning"
The twelfth root of two is a quantity representing the frequency ratio between any two consecutive notes of a modern chromatic scale in equal temperament. The quantity was popularized as a solution to the problem of a 'growling' sound made by early claviers, harpsichords and the forerunners of the modern piano in playing certain intervals which were "out of tune" in systems of unequal temperament. ...more on Wikipedia about "Twelfth root of two"
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