Units of temperature

The degree Celsius (°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius ( 1701– 1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. The Celsius scale sets 0.01 °C to be at the triple point of water and a degree Celsius to be 1/273.16 of the difference in temperature between the triple point of water and absolute zero. Until 1954 the scale was defined with the freezing point of water at 0 °C and the boiling point at 100 °C at standard atmospheric pressure, this definition is still a close approximation to the actual definition and is for that reason commonly (but wrongly) used to refer to the scale. ...more on Wikipedia about "Celsius"

(Centigrade) A thermometric scale whose name is synonymous with the Celsius scale. ...more on Wikipedia about "Centigrade"

The term degree is used in several scales of temperature. The symbol ° is usually used, followed by the initial letter of the unit, for example °C for degree(s) Celsius. (For temperature differences, the usage is sometimes reversed; then 100 C°, or "100 Celsius degrees", is a temperature difference, while 100 °C, or "100 degrees Celsius", is an actual temperature.) These include: ...more on Wikipedia about "Degree (temperature)"

The Delisle scale is a temperature scale invented in 1732 by the French astronomer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle ( 1688– 1768). It is similar to that of Réaumur. Delisle was the author of Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire et aux progrès de l'Astronomie, de la Géographie et de la Physique ( 1738). ...more on Wikipedia about "Delisle scale"

Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit ( 1686– 1736), who proposed it in 1724. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fahrenheit"

The kelvin (symbol: K) is the SI unit of temperature, and is one of the seven SI base units. It is defined as the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic (absolute) temperature of the triple point of water. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kelvin"

Caveat: In the absence of detailed sources, what follows is what can be said about the Leyden temperature scale. This should be taken as speculation until proven otherwise -this article could be completely erroneous. ...more on Wikipedia about "Leyden scale"

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The Newton scale is a temperature scale devised by Isaac Newton around 1700. Applying his mind to the problem of heat, he elaborated a first qualitative temperature scale, comprising about twenty reference points ranging from "cold air in winter" to "glowing coals in the kitchen fire". This approach was rather crude and problematical, so Newton quickly became dissatisfied with it. He knew that most substances expand when heated, so he took a container of linseed oil and measured its change of volume against his reference points. He found that the volume of linseed oil grew by 7.25% when heated from the temperature of melting snow to that of boiling water. ...more on Wikipedia about "Newton scale"

The Planck temperature, named after German physicist Max Planck, is the natural unit of temperature, denoted by TP. The Planck units, in general, represent limits of quantum mechanics. Talking about anything being "hotter" than the Planck temperature doesn't make a lot of sense; it is the temperature at which black holes are theorized to evaporate and the temperature at which the Universe "started" and cooled down from there, according to current cosmology. It is difficult to imagine anything being hotter than the Big Bang. ...more on Wikipedia about "Planck temperature"

Rankine is a now rarely used temperature scale named after the Scottish engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine, who proposed it in 1859. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rankine"

The degree Réaumur is a unit of temperature named after René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, who first proposed it in 1731. The freezing point of water is 0 degrees Réaumur, the boiling point 80 degrees Réaumur. Hence a degree Reaumur is 1.25 degrees Celsius or kelvins. The Réaumur temperature scale is also known as the octogesimal division (division octogesimale). ...more on Wikipedia about "Réaumur"

Rømer is a disused temperature scale named after the Danish astronomer Ole Christensen Rømer, who proposed it in 1701. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rømer scale"

(Temperature conversion formulas) ==Summary== ...more on Wikipedia about "Temperature conversion formulas"

Z-value of an organism is the temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, that is required for the thermal destruction curve to move one log cycle. While the D-value gives us the time needed at a certain temperature to kill an organism, the z-value relates the resistance of an organism to differing temperatures. So, the z-value allows us to calculate a thermal process of equivalency, if we have one D-value and the z-value. So, if it takes an increase of 10°F to move the curve one log, then our z-value is 10. So then, if we have a D-value of 4.5 minutes at 150°F, we can calculate D-values for 160°F by reducing the time by 1 log. So, our new D-value for 160°F is 0.45 minutes. This means that each 10°F increase in temperature will reduce our D-value by 1 log. Conversely, a 10°F decrease in temperature will increase our D-value by 1 log. So, the D-value for a temperature of 140°F would be 45 minutes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Z-value"

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