Vaccines

An advance market commitment is a binding contract, typically offered by a government or other financial entity, used to guarantee a viable market if a vaccine or other medicine is successfully developed. As a result of such a commitment, the market for vaccines or drugs for neglected diseases would be comparable in size and certainty to the market for medicines for rich countries. This would enable biotech and pharmaceutical companies to invest in the development of new vaccines to tackle the world’s most pressing health problems, such as HIV/AIDS, in the normal course of their business decisions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Advance market commitments"

To overcome the problem of insufficient research and development (R&D) on vaccines for diseases concentrated in low-income countries, sponsors such as governments or NGOs could commit to purchase viable vaccines if and when they are developed. One or more sponsors would commit to a minimum price that would be paid per person receiving an immunization for an eligible product, up to a certain number of individuals immunized. For additional purchases, the price would eventually drop to short-run marginal cost. If no suitable product were developed, no payments would be made. ( CITE ) ...more on Wikipedia about "Advance purchase commitment"

The only licensed human anthrax vaccine in the United States, AVA, is produced by BioPort Corporation in Lansing, Michigan. The anthrax vaccine is cultured from a toxigenic, nonencapsulated strain known as V770-NP1-R. No living organisms are present in the vaccine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anthrax vaccine"

Anti-vaccinationists are those who on principle or on other grounds are opposed to vaccination as a health preservation measure. For the 150 years since vaccination became a standard part of public health and medicine, there have been groups and individuals who are most clearly characterised as anti-vaccinationists. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anti-vaccinationists"

Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine against tuberculosis that is prepared from a strain of the attenuated (weakened) live bovine tuberculosis bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis that has lost its virulence in humans by specially culturing in artificial medium for years. The bacilli have retained enough strong antigenicity to become an effective vaccine for the prevention of human tuberculosis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bacillus Calmette-Guérin"

A conjugate vaccine is created by covalently attaching a poor antigen to a carrier protein, thereby conferring the immunological attributes of the carrier on the attached antigen. This technique for the creation of an effective immunogen is most often applied to bacterial polysaccharides for the prevention of invasive bacterial disease. ...more on Wikipedia about "Conjugate vaccine"

DPT is a vaccine designed to immunize against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. ...more on Wikipedia about "DPT vaccine" Simply http://www.shortopedia.com!

The flu vaccine is a vaccine to protect against the highly variable influenza virus. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flu vaccine"

FluMist is the product name of a nasal spray vaccine against the flu virus. It is the new type of flu vaccine that is given as a nasal spray. FluMist causes a more durable immune response and is therefore more effective than injected vaccine was. It was orginally developed by Hunein "John" Maassab, Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Michigan School of Public Health in Ann Arbor, Michigan. ...more on Wikipedia about "FluMist"

Fluzone is the commercial name of a influenza virus vaccine, distributed by Aventis Pasteur, USA. It is a split-virus vaccine, which is produced by chemical disruption of the influenza virus. Therefore, it is incapable of causing influenza per se. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fluzone"

An HIV vaccine is a hypothetical vaccine against HIV, the etiological agent of AIDS. As there is no known cure for AIDS, the search for a vaccine has become part of the struggle against the disease. ...more on Wikipedia about "HIV vaccine"

Human papillomavirus vaccine research focuses on the prevention of cervical cancer, particularly in developing countries, where regular cervical examinations are uncommon. HPV infection is the overwhelming cause of cervical cancer growth in women. According to Cohen (2005), 270,000 women died of cervical cancer worldwide in 2002. Only 5,000 of those deaths occurred in the United States. He credits this low figure to the prevalence of regular exams, including Pap tests, in the U.S. ...more on Wikipedia about "HPV vaccine"

MeNZB is a vaccine against a specific strain of group B meningococcus, currently being used to control an epidemic of meningitis in New Zealand. ...more on Wikipedia about "MeNZB"

The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live but attenuated viruses, administered via injection for immunization against measles, mumps and rubella. It is generally administered to children around the age of one year, with a booster dose before starting school (i.e. age 4/5). It is widely used around the world; since introduction of its earliest versions in the 1970s, over 500 million doses have been used in over 60 countries. As with all vaccinations, long-term effects and efficacy are subject to continuing study. ...more on Wikipedia about "MMR vaccine"

MVA85A is a new-generation vaccine against tuberculosis. It was developed by researchers at Oxford University. It is claimed that this vaccine is especially effective when used together with the old TB vaccine called BCG. ...more on Wikipedia about "MVA85A"

The National Anti-Vaccination League, a British advocacy organization. ...more on Wikipedia about "National Anti-Vaccination League"

The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (NCVIA) of 1986 (42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-1 to 300aa-34) was enacted in the United States to reduce the reduce the potential financial liability of vaccine makers due to vaccine injury claims. The legislation was aimed at ensuring a stable market supply, and to provide cost-effective arbitration for vaccine injury claims. Under the NCVIA, the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP) was created to provide a federal no-fault system for compensating vaccine-related injuries or death by establishing a claim procedure involving the United States Court of Federal Claims and special masters. ...more on Wikipedia about "National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act"

Two polio vaccines are used throughout the world to combat polio. The first was invented by Jonas Salk and first tested in 1952 and announced to the world by Salk on April 12, 1955. It consists of an injected dose of killed polio virus. Thereafter, Albert Sabin produced an oral polio vaccine using live but weakened ( attenuated) virus. Human trials of Sabin's vaccine began in 1957 and it was licensed in 1962. ...more on Wikipedia about "Polio vaccine"

The smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine ever to be developed and remains the only effective preventive treatment for the deadly smallpox disease. It was first perfected in 1796 by Edward Jenner who acted upon the observation that milkmaids who caught the cowpox virus did not catch smallpox. ...more on Wikipedia about "Smallpox vaccine"

TdaP is the acronym for the collective vaccines preventing Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis in adolescents and adults that were licensed in the spring of 2005. These vaccines differ from the childhood DTaP vaccines in their indication. The concentration of Diphtheria has been reduced in these formulations to prevent adverse reactions. ...more on Wikipedia about "TdaP"

Thimerosal ( C₉ H₉ Hg Na O₂ S), also spelled thiomersal, is a mercury-containing organic compound (organomercurial) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent. It was developed and registered under the trade name Merthiolate in 1929 by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, and has been used as a preservative in vaccines, immune globulin preparations, skin test antigens, antivenoms, ophthalmic and nasal products, and tattoo inks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Thimerosal"

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(Timeline of vaccines) * 1977 First vaccine for pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae) ...more on Wikipedia about "Timeline of vaccines"

Vaccination is a term coined by Edward Jenner for the process of administering live, albeit weakened, microbes to patients, with the intent of conferring immunity against a targeted form of a related disease agent. Vaccination ( Latin: vacca— cow) is so named because the first vaccine was derived from a virus affecting cows: the cowpox virus, a relatively benign virus that, in its weakened form, provides a degree of immunity to smallpox, a contagious and deadly disease. In common speech, 'vaccination' and 'immunization' generally have the same colloquial meaning. Vaccination efforts were initially met with some resistance before early success brought widespread acceptance and mass vaccination campaigns were undertaken. The eradication of smallpox is considered the most spectacular success of vaccination. The last natural case of smallpox was discovered on October 26 1977 in Somalia. This date is considered the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox. ...more on Wikipedia about "Vaccination"

The vaccine controversy encompasses many concerns over the use and lack of use of vaccines - whether vaccination in general or mass vaccination in particular is beneficial to the health of individuals and the population. In 2005, anti-vaccination groups emphasize the question of ...more on Wikipedia about "Vaccine controversy"

The Vaccine Safety Datalink Project (VSD) was established, in 1990, by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for the study of adverse side effects of vaccines. ...more on Wikipedia about "Vaccine Safety Datalink"

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