Vatican City Vatican City .va is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for the State of Vatican City. It is administered by the Internet Office of the Holy See. ...more on Wikipedia about ".va"
Angels and Demons ( 2000) is a bestselling mystery novel by Dan Brown. It introduces the character Robert Langdon, who is also the principal character of Brown's subsequent, better-known novel The Da Vinci Code. The story involves a conflict between an ancient group, the Illuminati, and the Catholic Church. It is credited with being the first novel to contain ambigrams. ...more on Wikipedia about "Angels and Demons"
The Apostolic Palace , also called the Papal Palace or the Palace of the Vatican, is the official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apostolic Palace"
The Cappella Paolina (Pauline Chapel), which serves as the parish church of the Vatican, is separated from the Sistine Chapel only by the Sala Regia. It received its name from Pope Paul III, who had it erected in 1540 by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger. Before 1550 Michelangelo painted two frescoes here, the "Conversion of Paul" and the "Crucifixion of Peter". Other paintings in the chapel are by Lorenzo Sabbatini and Federigo Zuccaro. The statues in the background are by P. Bresciano. Before the opening of the conclave the Sacred College assembles in this chapel to attend a sermon in which the members are reminded of their obligation quickly to give to the Church her ablest son as ruler and guide. The cardinals then withdraw to the Sistine Chapel. In the Cappella Paolina are sung daily the conclave Solemn Masses "De Spiritu Sancto", at which all members of the conclave must be present. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cappella Paolina"
The Cardinal Secretary of State presides over the Vatican Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia. As one of the senior offices in the Roman Catholic Church, the Secretary is required to be a cardinal. If the office is vacant, a non-cardinal may serve as Pro-Secretary of State, exercising the powers of the Secretary of State until a suitable replacement is found or the Pro-Secretary is made a cardinal in a subsequent consistory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cardinal Secretary of State"
(Demographics of the Vatican City) Population: ...more on Wikipedia about "Demographics of the Vatican City"
The unique, noncommercial economy of the Vatican City is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. Vatican has its own financial system and banks, with interests worldwide. The incomes of lay workers are sensibly better than those of correspondent counterparts who work in the city of Rome. Living standards may be different, at least in their public evidence, due to particular sober lifestyle required. ...more on Wikipedia about "Economy of the Vatican City" Evergreen shortopedia!!! Vatican_City
The flag of the Vatican City consists of two vertical bands of gold ( hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the Papal Tiara centered in the white band. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flag of the Vatican City"
The Holy See is the legal body that conducts diplomatic relations for the Vatican City. It maintains formal diplomatic relations with 174 sovereign states , the European Union, and the Order of Malta; 69 of these maintain permanent resident diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See in Rome. The rest have missions with dual accreditation outside Italy, as the Holy See does not accept dual accreditation with an embassy located in Italy. It also has relations of a special nature with Russia (Mission with an Ambassador) and the Palestine Liberation Organization (Office with a Director). The Holy See maintains 179 permanent diplomatic missions abroad (106 of which are accredited to sovereign states). The diplomatic activities of the Holy See are performed by the Secretariat of State (headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State), through the Section for Relations with States. ...more on Wikipedia about "Foreign relations of the Vatican City"
(Geography of the Vatican City) Location: ...more on Wikipedia about "Geography of the Vatican City"
The Governor (Governatore in Italian) of Vatican City is concurrently the President of the Governatorate of Vatican City State and sometimes called the Mayor of Vatican City (though it is a miniature state enclaved in Rome, not a municipality). ...more on Wikipedia about "Governor of Vatican City"
(History of the Vatican City) * Martin Quigley, Peace Without Hiroshima, 1991 ...more on Wikipedia about "History of the Vatican City"
Hymn and Pontifical March (Inno e Marcia Pontificale) is the national anthem of the Vatican City. ...more on Wikipedia about "Inno e Marcia Pontificale"
Lateran and Laterano are the shared names of several architectural projects throughout Rome and Vatican City. The properties were once owned by the Lateranus family of the former Roman Empire. The Laterani lost their properties to Emperor Constantine who in turn gave it to the Roman Catholic Church. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lateran"
The Lateran Treaties of February 11, 1929 provided for the mutual recognition of the then- Kingdom of Italy and the Vatican City. The treaties were negotiated between Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri on behalf of the Holy See, and Benito Mussolini, the Fascist leader, as Prime Minister of Italy. There are three treaties: ...more on Wikipedia about "Lateran treaties"
While the Swiss Guard is the most famous military unit in the service of the Vatican City, historically a number of other units existed. The last remaining units other than the Swiss Guards, the Noble Guard and the Palatine Guard, were abolished by Pope Paul VI in 1970. ...more on Wikipedia about "Military of the Vatican City"
The Noble Guard (Guardia Nobile) was the most senior guard unit of the Vatican City. It was formed by Pope Pius VII in 1801 as a regiment of heavy cavalry. Initially, the regiment was tasked with providing escort for the Pope and other senior Princes of the Church, and missions within the Papal States at the behest of the Pope. One of their first major duties was to escort Pius VII to Paris for the coronation of Napoleon I. With the unification of Italy and the confiscation of the Papal States in 1870, the Noble Guard became a corps of foot guards. ...more on Wikipedia about "Noble Guard"
The Palatine Guard (Guardia Palatina d'Onore) was a unit of the military of the Vatican City. It was formed in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, who ordered that the two militia units of the Papal States be amalgamated. The corps was formed as an infantry unit, and took part in watch-keeping in Rome as well as various battles, including the defence of Rome against soldiers from Piedmont. After 1870 and the unification of Italy, the corps was confined to the Vatican. The Palatine Guard were usually seen either when the Pope was in St Peter's Square, or when a Head of State visited the Vatican. Members of the corps were volunteers, who were not paid for their service (though they received an allowance for replacement or repair of their uniforms). The corps was also the only one in the service of the Vatican to have a full band. ...more on Wikipedia about "Palatine Guard"
The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the major historical states of Italy before the boot-shaped peninsula was unified under the Piedmontese crown of Savoy (later a republic). The Papal States comprised those territories over which the Pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense before 1870. This governing power is commonly called the temporal power of the Pope, as opposed to his (unique and more essential) ecclestiastical primacy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Papal States"
Admittance to audiences is completely free of charge and only depends on the number of requests. Reservations can also be personally booked and obtained directly in St. Peter's Square (Prefettura pontificia - Porta Sant'Anna, bronze portal, right columns). ...more on Wikipedia about "Politics of the Vatican City"
The Pontifical Academy of Sciences was founded in 1936 under its current name by Pope Pius XI and is placed under the protection of the reigning Supreme Pontiff (the current Pope). Its aim is to promote the progress of the mathematical, physical and natural sciences and the study of related epistemological problems. The Academy has its origins in the Accademia dei Lincei ("Academy of Lynxes") established in Rome in 1603, under Pope Clement VIII by the learned Roman Prince, Federico Cesi (1585-1630) who was a young botanist and naturalist. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pontifical Academy of Sciences"
The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State is the legislative body of Vatican City. It consists of members of the Roman Catholic clergy, appointed to five year terms by the Pope. The Commission is led by a president, currently Edmund Cardinal Szoka of the United States. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State"
The President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State is the leader of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, the legislative body of Vatican City. As a senior member of the Roman Curia, the president is normally a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. ...more on Wikipedia about "President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State"
St. Peter's Square, or St. Peter's Piazza (Piazza San Pietro), is located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica, in Vatican City, the papal enclave within Rome. The open space before the basilica was redesigned by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, from 1656 to 1667, under the direction of Pope Alexander VII, as an appropriate forecourt, designed "so that the greatest number of people could see the Pope give his blessing, either from the middle of the façade of the church or from a window in the Vatican Palace" (Norwich 1975 p 175). Bernini had been working on the interior of St Peter's for decades; now he gave order to the space with his renowned colonnades, using the Tuscan form of Doric, the simplest order in the classical vocabulary, not to compete with the palace-like façade by Carlo Maderno, but he employed it on an unprecedented colossal scale to suit the space and provide emotions of awe. ...more on Wikipedia about "Saint Peter's Square"
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