Venera programme Venera programme The Venera ( Russian: Венера; formerly, sometimes referred to as Venusik in the West) series of probes was developed by the USSR for the gathering of data from Venus. As with some of the USSR's other planetary probes they were launched in pairs with a second vehicle being launched soon (a week or two) after the first of the pair. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera"
On February 12 1961, 00:34:36 UTC, the first planetary probe was launched to Venus by the Soviet Union. The Venus-1 Automatic Interplanetary Station, or Venera 1, was a 643.5 kg probe consisting of a cylindrical body 1.05 meter in diameter topped by a dome, totaling 2.035 meters in height. This was pressurized to 1.2 atmospheres of dry nitrogen, with internal fans to maintain even distribution of heat. Two solar panels extended from the cylinder, charging a bank of silver-zinc batteries. A 2 meter parabolic wire-mesh antenna was designed to send data from Venus to Earth on 922.8 MHz. A 2.4 meter antenna boom was used to transmit short-wave signals during the near-Earth phase of the mission. Semidirectional quadrapole antennas mounted on the solar panels provided routine telemetry and telecommand contact with Earth during the mission, on a circularly-polarized decimeter radio band. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 1"
Venera 10 ( Russian: Венера-10) was a USSR unmanned space mission to Venus. It consisted of an orbiter and a lander. It launched on June 14, 1975 03:00:31 UTC. On October 23, 1975, this spacecraft was separated from the Orbiter, and landing was made with the sun near zenith, at 0517 UT, on October 25. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 10"
The Venera 11 ( Russian: Венера-11) was an USSR unmanned space mission to explore the planet Venus. Venera 11 was launched on 9 September, 1978 3:25:39 UTC. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 11"
The Venera 12 ( Russian: Венера-12) was an USSR unmanned space mission to explore the planet Venus. Venera 12 was launched on 14 September, 1978 02:25:13 UTC. Separating from its flight platform on December 19 1978, it entered the Venus atmosphere two days later at 11.2 km/s. During the descent, it employed aerodynamic braking followed by parachute braking and ending with atmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at 06:30 Moscow time on 21 December after a descent time of approximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7-8 m/s. Landing coordinates are 7° S 294° E. It transmitted data to the flight platform for 110 minutes after touchdown until the flight platform moved out of range. Identical instruments were carried on Venera 11 and 12. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 12"
Venera 13 and Venera 14 ( Russian: Венера-13, Венера-14) were a pair of identical probes in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 13 and 14"
Venera 15 and Venera 16 ( Russian: Венера-15, Венера-16) were two identical spacecraft sent to Venus by the Soviet Union. Both unmanned orbiters were to map the surface of Venus using high resolution imaging systems. The spacecraft were identical and based on modifications to the earlier Venera space probes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 15 and 16"
Venera 2 ( Russian: Венера-2) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 2"
Venera 3 ( Russian:Венера-3) was a Venera program space probe that was built and launched by the Soviet Union to explore the surface of Venus. It was launched on November 16, 1965 at 04:19 UTC from Baikonur, Kazakhstan. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 3"
Venera 4 ( Russian:Венера-4) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 4"
Venera 5 ( Russian: Венера-5) was a probe in the Soviet space program Venera for the exploration of Venus. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 5"
Venera 6 ( Russian:Венера-6) was a Soviet spacecraft, launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (69-002C) on January 10 1969 towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data. It had an on-orbit dry mass of 1130 kg. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 6"
The Venera 7 ( Russian: Венера-7) was launched as part of the Venera program by the Soviet Union. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 7"
Venera 8 ( Russian: Венера-8) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 8" Made by www.shortopedia.com.
Venera 9 ( Russian: Венера-9) was a USSR unmanned space mission to Venus. It consisted of an orbiter and a lander. It was launched on June 8, 1975 02:38:00 UTC and weighed 4,936 kg (10,884 lb). On October 20, 1975, this spacecraft was separated from the orbiter, and landing was made with the Sun near zenith at 05:13 UTC on October 22. Venera-9 landed within a 150 km radius of 31.01° N, 291.64° E. The entry sphere weighed 1,560 kg (3,440 lb) and the surface payload 660 kg (1,455 lb) ** . ...more on Wikipedia about "Venera 9"
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