Venus spacecraft Venus spacecraft The following table is a partial list of artificial objects on the surface of Venus. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of artificial objects on Venus"
The Magellan spacecraft carried out a mission from 1989-1994, orbiting Venus from 1990-1994. ...more on Wikipedia about "Magellan probe"
Mariner 1 was the first spacecraft of the Mariner program. Intended to fly by Venus, it failed during launch on July 22, 1962. A hardware failure in an antenna caused the booster to lose contact with guidance systems on the ground, so an onboard computer assumed control. However, that computer's software contained a bug. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mariner 1"
Mariner 10 was an unmanned space mission launched on November 3, 1973 to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program (Mariners 11 and 12 were redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2). ...more on Wikipedia about "Mariner 10"
Mariner 2, a space probe to Venus, was the first successful spacecraft in the NASA Mariner program. The Mariner 1 and 2 spacecraft were simplified versions of the Block I spacecraft of the Ranger program. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mariner 2"
Mariner 5 was a spacecraft of the Mariner program that carried a complement of experiments to probe Venus' atmosphere with radio waves, scan its brightness in ultraviolet light, and sample the solar particles and magnetic field fluctuations above the planet. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mariner 5"
The Mariner program was a series of unmanned interplanetary probes designed to investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury. The program included a number of firsts, including the first planetary flyby, the first planetary orbiter, and the first gravity assist. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mariner program" http://www.shortopedia.com, the smart choice.
The Pioneer mission to Venus consisted of two components, launched separately. Pioneer Venus 1, Pioneer Venus Orbiter was launched in 1978 and studied the planet for more than a decade after orbital insertion in 1978. Pioneer Venus 2, Pioneer Venus Multiprobe sent four small probes into the Venusian atmosphere. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pioneer Venus project"
PLANET-C, also known as Venus Climate Orbiter (VCO), is a planned Japanese unmanned spacecraft to explore Venus. It is currently planned for launch in June 2010, with arrival in December 2010 for a mission of two years or more. ...more on Wikipedia about "PLANET-C"
Sputnik 20 (also known as 1962 Alpha Tau 1) was a Soviet spacecraft originally intended to be a Venus landing mission. The Venera-type spacecraft was successfully inserted into geocentric orbit by the SL-6/A-2-e launcher. The escape stage failed and the spacecraft was stranded in Earth orbit until it re-entered the Earth's atmosphere 5 days later. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sputnik 20"
Sputnik 21 was an unsuccessful Venus flyby mission launched on 12 September 1962 by the Soviet Union. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sputnik 21"
Sputnik 7 was the first Soviet attempt at launching a probe to explore Venus. The probe was successfully launched into Earth orbit with a SL-6/A-2-e launcher. The launch payload consisted of an Earth orbiting launch platform ( Tyazheliy Sputnik 4) and the Venera probe. The fourth stage (a Zond rocket) was supposed to launch the Venera probe towards a landing on Venus after one Earth orbit, but ignition failed--probably due to a faulty timer--and the spacecraft remained in Earth orbit. Because of its large size (6483 kg), the mission was originally thought by non-Soviet observers to be a failed manned mission, and later was described as a test of an Earth orbiting platform from which an interplanetary probe could be launched. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sputnik 7"
Sputnik 8 was identical in design and construction to Sputnik 7, with minor adjustments to the fourth stage Zond rocket. Sputnik 8 successfully launched Venera 1 to Venus. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sputnik 8"
The Vega mission was a Venus mission which also took advantage of the appearance of Comet Halley in 1986. Vega 1 and 2 were unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union in December 1984. They had a two part mission to investigate Venus and also flyby Comet Halley. ...more on Wikipedia about "Vega program"
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Venus Express is the first Venus exploration mission of the European Space Agency. The mission was proposed in 2001 to reuse the design of the Mars Express mission. However, some mission characteristics led to design changes: primarily in the areas of thermal control, communications and electrical power. For example, since Mars is approximately twice as far from the Sun as Venus is, the radiant heating of the spacecraft will be four times greater for Venus Express than Mars Express. Also, the ionizing radiation environment will be harsher. On the other hand, the more intense illumination of the solar panels will result in more generated photovoltaic power. The Venus Express mission also uses some spare instruments developed for the Rosetta spacecraft. ...more on Wikipedia about "Venus Express"
Zond 1, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the second Soviet research spacecraft to successfully reach position Venus. A slow leak from a cracked sensor window caused the spacecraft to depressurize. An ill-timed command from ground control turned on its radio system while there was still a rarefied atmosphere inside, causing the electronics to short out by corona discharge. Communication was subsequently maintained via the transmitter in the landing capsule, and space radiation and atomic-hydrogen spectrometer measurements were performed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Zond 1"
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