Volcanic events

The 1912 eruption of the Novarupta volcano occurred on June 6, 1912 in what is now Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska. It was the largest volcanic eruption in the 20th century and may have released up to 4 cubic miles (17 km³) of ash. ...more on Wikipedia about "1912 Novarupta eruption"

The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens ( VEI = 5, 1.2 km3 of material erupted) is the most significant volcanic eruption to occur in the lower 48 U.S. states in recorded history, exceeding the destructive power and volume of material released by the 1915 eruption of California's Lassen Peak (the 1912 eruption of Novarupta in Alaska was the most powerful historic eruption in the U.S., although Alaska was not a U.S. state at the time). The eruption was preceded by a two-month-long series of earthquakes and steam-venting episodes, caused by an injection of magma at shallow depth below the mountain which created a huge bulge and a fracture system on Mount St. Helens' north slope. An earthquake at 8:32 AM on May 18, 1980, caused the entire weakened north face to slide away, suddenly exposing the partly molten, gas- and steam-rich rock in the volcano to lower pressure. The rock responded by exploding into a super-heated mix of pulverized lava and older rock that sped toward Spirit Lake so fast that it quickly passed the avalanching north face. ...more on Wikipedia about "1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens"

In autumn 2004, Mount St. Helens became active again. ...more on Wikipedia about "2004 volcanic activity of Mount St. Helens"

Lake Nyos is a crater lake in the Northwest Province of Cameroon, located at . Nyos is a deep lake high on the flank of an inactive volcano near Mount Oku, along the Cameroon Line of volcanic activity. A natural dam of volcanic rock hems in the lake waters. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lake Nyos"

Omayra Sánchez was a 13-year old victim of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano which erupted on November 14, 1985 in Armero, Colombia, killing 25,000. ...more on Wikipedia about "Omayra Sánchez"

Rangitoto Island ( ) is a volcanic island in the Hauraki Gulf near Auckland, New Zealand. It is an iconic landmark of Auckland as its distinctive symmetrical 260 metre (850 feet) high cone is visible from much of the city. It is the most recent and the largest of the approximately 48 volcanoes of the Auckland Volcanic Field. It was formed by a series of eruptions that ended about 500 years ago. It is not expected to erupt again although fresh eruptions are likely elsewhere in the Auckland Volcanic Field. It boasts an impressive central crater which may be viewed from the summit or from a path which goes right round the rim. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rangitoto Island"

The Tangiwai disaster was the worst rail accident in New Zealand history. It occurred on December 24, 1953 when the overnight express train between Wellington and Auckland passed over the Tangiwai Railway Bridge. The bridge, which had just minutes earlier been weakened by a lahar from Mount Ruapehu, collapsed, sending the train into the Whangaehu River. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tangiwai disaster"

A volcanic winter is the reduction in temperature caused by volcanic ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscuring the sun, usually after a volcanic eruption. ...more on Wikipedia about "Volcanic winter"

The Year Without a Summer, also known as the Poverty Year and Eighteen hundred and froze to death was 1816, in which severe summer climate abnormalities destroyed crops in Northern Europe and the American Northeast. ...more on Wikipedia about "Year Without a Summer"

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