Welding Welding Arc eye, also known as arc flash or welder's flash or corneal flash burns, is a painful condition sometimes experienced by welders who have failed to use adequate eye protection. It can also occur due to light from sunbeds, light reflected from snow (known as snow blindness), water or sand. The intense ultraviolet light emitted by the arc causes a superficial and painful keratitis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arc eye"
Arc welding refers to a group of welding processes that use a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and consumable or non-consumable electrodes. The welding region is sometimes protected by some type of inert or semi- inert gas, known as a shielding gas, and/or filler material. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arc welding"
Bottled gas is a term used for substances which are gasous at Standard temperature and pressure (STP) and have been compressed and stored in steel or composite bottles known as gas cylinders. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bottled gas"
Brazing is a joining process whereby a non- ferrous filler metal and an alloy are heated to melting temperature (above 450 °C / 800°F) and distributed between two or more close-fitting parts by capillary action. At its liquid temperature, the molten filler metal interacts with a thin layer of the base metal, cooling to form an exceptionally strong, sealed joint due to grain structure interaction. The brazed joint becomes a sandwich of different layers, each metallurgically linked to each other. Common brazements are about 1/3 as strong as the materials they join, because the metals partially dissolve each other at the interface, and usually the grain structure and joint alloy is uncontrolled. To create high-strength brazes, sometimes a brazement can be annealed, or cooled at a controlled rate, so that the joint's grain structure and alloying is controlled. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brazing"
Carbon Arc Welding (CAW) is a process which produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a nonconsumable carbon ( graphite) electrode and the work-piece. It was the first arc-welding process ever developed but is not used for many applications today, having been replaced by twin carbon arc welding and other variations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon arc welding"
Cold cracking is a defect that occurs in welding and requires all of the following 4 things: ...more on Wikipedia about "Cold cracking"
Cold or contact welding was first recognized as a general materials phenomenon in the 1940s. It was then discovered that two clean, flat surfaces of similar metal would strongly adhere if brought into contact under vacuum. It is now known that the force of adhesion following first contact can be augmented by pressing the metals tightly together, increasing the duration of contact, raising the temperature of the workpieces, or any combination of the above. Research has shown that even for very smooth metals, only the high points of each surface, called "asperites," touch the opposing piece. Perhaps as little as a few thousandths of a percent of the total surface is involved. However, these small areas of taction develop powerful molecular connections; electron microscope investigations of contact points reveal that an actual welding of the two surfaces takes place after which it is impossible to discern the former asperitic interface. If the original surfaces are sufficiently smooth the metallic forces between them eventually draw the two pieces completely together and eliminate even the macroscopic interface. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cold welding" It's time to think about www.shortopedia.com.
A cutting torch (blowtorch in the U.K.) is a torch used to cut metal. It should not be confused with welding torches that are used for welding, brazing or soldering. However, they are similar to oxy-fuel welding torches. The most common fuel used for cutting torches is acetylene. Oxygen is combined with the acetylene in the torch itself, which produces a high temperature flame. This is similar to a oxy-acetylene welding torch. However, after the metal is molten, a trigger is pressed which releases compressed oxygen, which blows out the liquid metal. Since the molten metal is blown out the bottom of the piece, there must be room between the piece of metal and the floor. When possible, pieces of metal are cut on a grate that lets the metal fall freely to the ground. The same equipment can be used for oxy-acetylene blowtorches and welding torches. The main difference is that the blowtorches have the trigger for blowing out the metal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cutting torch"
E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute is a globally-important welding research institution situated in Kyiv, Ukraine. It is named after its founder, Professor Evgeny Paton. ...more on Wikipedia about "E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute"
Electrogas welding (EGW) is a continuous vertical position arc welding process developed in 1961, in which an arc is struck between a consumable electrode and the workpiece. A shielding gas is sometimes used, but pressure is not applied. A major difference between EGW and its cousin electroslag welding is that the arc in EGW is not extinguished, instead remaining struck throughout the welding process. It is used to make square-groove welds for butt and t-joints, especially in the shipbuilding industry and in the construction of storage tanks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electrogas welding"
Electron beam welding (EBW) is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to the materials being joined. The workpieces melt as the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact, and the filler metal, if used, also melts to form part of the weld. Pressure is not applied, and a shielding gas is not used, though the welding is often done in conditions of a vacuum to prevent dispersion of the electron beam. The process was developed in France and released on November 23, 1957 in Paris by J. A. Stohr. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electron beam welding"
Electroslag welding is a highly productive welding process developed in the United States during the 1930s. It involves the melting of the surfaces of the metal workpieces and the filler metal with a molten slag to cause coalescence. An electric arc is passed through the slag to heat it, but the arc itself is extinguished by the slag. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electroslag welding"
The equivalent carbon content of a steel alloy refers to method of measuring the maximum hardness and the weldability of the alloy based on the chemical composition of the alloy. Higher concentrations of carbon and other alloying elements such as magnesium, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, and nickel tend to increase the hardness and decrease the weldability of the material. Each of these materials tends to influence the hardness and weldability of the steel to different magnitudes, however, making a method of comparison necessary to judge the difference in hardness between two alloys made of different alloying elements. The equivalent carbon content is the most common such standard, but others exist, such as the equivalent nickel content and equivalent chromium content. A commonly used formula for calculating the equivalent carbon content is: ...more on Wikipedia about "Equivalent carbon content"
Explosion Welding (EXW) is a solid state process where welding is accomplished by accelerating one of the components at extremely high velocity through the use of chemical explosives. This process is most commonly utilized to clad carbon steel plate with a thin layer of corrosion resistant material (e.g., stainless steel, nickel alloy, titanium, or zirconium). ...more on Wikipedia about "Explosion welding"
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A filler metal is a metal added in the making of a joint through welding, brazing, or soldering. Four types of filler metals exist—covered electrodes, bare electrode wire or rod, tubular electrode wire, and welding fluxes. Sometimes nonconsummable electrodes are included as well, but since these metals are not consumed by the welding process, they are normally excluded. ...more on Wikipedia about "Filler metal"
A flashback Arrestor is a device most commonly used in Oxy-fuel welding to stop flame from burning back up into the equipment and causing damage or explosions. The two main types are dry and wet each having their own advantages and disadvantages. Most Oxy-fuel welding types are the dry style. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flashback Arrestor"
Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process. FCAW requires a continuously fed consumable tubular electrode containing a flux and a constant voltage or, less commonly, a constant current welding power supply. An externally supplied shielding gas is sometimes supplied, but often the flux itself is relied upon to generate the necessary protection from the atmosphere. The process is widely used in construction because of its high welding speed and portability. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flux-cored arc welding"
Forge welding is a welding process of heating two or more pieces of wrought iron or steel until their surfaces are molten and then hammering them together. Its use is ancient, doubtless being the first method devised for the joining of metals. Until the invention of electical and gas welding methods during the Industrial Revolution, it was the only available method. ...more on Wikipedia about "Forge welding"
Friction stir welding was invented and experimentally proven by Wayne Thomas and a team of his colleagues at the The Welding Institute U.K. in December 1991. It is considered an exotic solid state weld (meaning the metal is NOT heated to a liquid state during welding), and is used for applications where the original metal characteristics must remain unchanged as far as possible. This process is primarily used on aluminum, and most often on large pieces which cannot be easily heat treated post weld to recover temper characteristics. TWI holds a patent for the process. ...more on Wikipedia about "Friction stir welding"
Friction Welding (FW) is a group of solid-state welding processes using heat generated through mechanical friction between a moving workpiece, with the addition of an upsetting force to plastically displace material. Many dissimilar metal combinations can be joined and there are a number of process variations including: ...more on Wikipedia about "Friction welding"
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes, metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal active gas (MAG) welding, is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process in which a continuous and consumable wire electrode and a shielding gas are fed through a welding gun. A constant voltage, direct current power source is most commonly used with GMAW, but constant current systems, as well as alternating current, can be used. There are four primary methods of metal transfer in GMAW, called globular, short-circuiting, spray, and pulsed-spray, each of which has distinct properties and corresponding advantages and limitations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gas metal arc welding"
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), commonly known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, is an arc welding process that uses a nonconsumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. The weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by a shielding gas (usually an inert gas such as argon), and a filler metal is normally used, though some welds, known as autogenous welds, do not require it. A constant current welding power supply produces energy which is conducted across the arc through a column of highly ionized gas and metal vapors known as a plasma. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gas tungsten arc welding"
The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is the area of base material, either a metal or a thermoplastic, which has had its microstructure and properties altered by welding. The heat from the welding process and subsequent re-cooling causes this change in the area surrounding the weld. The extent and magnitude of property change depends primarily on the base material, the weld filler metal, and the amount and concentration of heat input by the welding process. ...more on Wikipedia about "Heat-affected zone"
Induction welding is a form of welding that uses electromagnetic induction to heat the workpiece. The welding apparatus contains an induction coil that is energised with a radio-frequency electric current. This generates a high-frequency electromagnetic field that acts on either an electrically conductive or a ferromagnetic workpiece. In an electrically conductive workpiece, such as steel, the main heating effect is resistive heating, which is due to magnetically induced currents called eddy currents. In a ferromagnetic workpiece, such as plastic doped with ceramic particles, the heating is caused mainly by hysteresis as the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field repeatedly distorts the crystalline structure of the ferromagnetic material. In practice, most materials undergo a combination of these two effects. ...more on Wikipedia about "Induction welding"
(Ironworkers) The International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers or the Iron Workers International Union is a workers union in the USA, founded in 1896. It includes many laborers, metal workers and welders responsible for the construction of numerous structures. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ironworkers"
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